Bolivia

Reimbursed Care Access

Bolivia enforces a strict national controlled‑substances regime (Decreto‑Ley/ Ley 1008) that explicitly lists many classic psychedelics (psilocybin/psilocin, DMT, MDMA, mescaline, LSD, etc.) as prohibited substances; possession/trafficking penalties are severe. Medical ketamine is available and used as an accepted anesthetic in healthcare settings, but psychedelic applications (including esketamine for psychiatry) are not established in the national reimbursement framework. Traditional ayahuasca ceremonies are widely practiced and socially tolerated in Amazonian/indigenous contexts despite DMT being controlled by law; this creates a juridical/practical tension between formal drug scheduling and customary use.