β
Outcome MeasureDepression

DASS-21

Depression Anxiety Stress Scales – 21 Item

3 Papers in Blossom

Clinical Thresholds

0126
Normal
Score 0–28
Mild
Score 29–42
Moderate
Score 43–56
Severe
Score 57–84
Extremely Severe
Score 85–126

Outcome Data Across Studies

Reported results for DASS-21 across 3 studies with quantitative data.

Outcome data across 12 study arm–timepoint observations
SD
Ayahuasca-assisted meaning reconstruction therapy as an early resource for bereavement: a non-randomized clinical trial
2025Secondary
Ayahuasca + therapy(experimental)0————
Ayahuasca-assisted meaning reconstruction therapy as an early resource for bereavement: a non-randomized clinical trial
2025Secondary
Constructivist Psychotherapy(active_comparator)0————
Ayahuasca-assisted meaning reconstruction therapy as an early resource for bereavement: a non-randomized clinical trial
2025Secondary
No treatment(waitlist)0————
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot open-label safety and feasibility study
2025Secondary
Psilocybin + therapy(experimental)015—Δ——
Blood biomarker changes and relationships after low dose oral ketamine treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
2026Secondary
TMS-OK(experimental)0————
Blood biomarker changes and relationships after low dose oral ketamine treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
2026Secondary
TMS-OK(experimental)42————
Blood biomarker changes and relationships after low dose oral ketamine treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
2026Secondary
TMS-OK(experimental)49————
Blood biomarker changes and relationships after low dose oral ketamine treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
2026Secondary
TMS-OK(experimental)70————
Blood biomarker changes and relationships after low dose oral ketamine treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
2026Secondary
TMS-sham + OK(active_comparator)0————
Blood biomarker changes and relationships after low dose oral ketamine treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
2026Secondary
TMS-sham + OK(active_comparator)42————

Papers Using DASS-21

Open Accessindividual

Blood biomarker changes and relationships after low dose oral ketamine treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

This open-label trial (n=25) found that six weeks of low-dose oral ketamine treatment for PTSD was associated with small but significant decreases in both BDNF and VEGF-A blood biomarkers, which were positively correlated with each other, suggesting these two proteins may interact as part of the biological mechanism behind ketamine's effects on PTSD symptoms.

Published
Journal
Psychopharmacology
Authors
Quigley, B. L., Orr, E., Kafka, S., Hajishafiee, M., Bouças, A. P., Wellington, N., Dutton, M., Jones, M., Randall, F., Lagopoulos, J., Can, A. T., Hermens, D. F.
Open Accessindividual

Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot open-label safety and feasibility study

In a single‑arm, open‑label pilot of 15 people with methamphetamine use disorder, outpatient psilocybin‑assisted psychotherapy (single 25 mg oral dose with preparatory and integration sessions) was feasible and well tolerated with no serious adverse events, and was associated with reductions in self‑reported methamphetamine use and craving at 28 and 90 days; a larger randomised trial is required to confirm efficacy and safety.

Published
Journal
Addiction
Authors
Knock, E., Siefried, K. J., Gill Bedi, |., Albert, S., Day, R. O., Ezard, N., Ross, M., Liknaitzky, P., Brett, J., Bedi, G.
Open Accessindividual

Ayahuasca-assisted meaning reconstruction therapy as an early resource for bereavement: a non-randomized clinical trial

In this non-randomised, three-arm clinical trial of 84 adults bereaved within 12 months, ayahuasca-assisted meaning reconstruction therapy (A-MR) was well tolerated and produced significantly larger reductions in grief severity and greater improvements in prolonged grief symptoms, post‑traumatic growth and quality of life than meaning reconstruction alone or no treatment. These preliminary findings support A-MR as a potentially effective early intervention for severe grief but require replication in larger randomised trials.

Published
Journal
Scientific Reports
Authors
Soto-Angona, Ó., Andión, O., Sabucedo, P., Neimeyer, R. A., Haro, J. M., Javkin, J., Farré, M., González, D.

Quick Facts

Full Name
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales – 21 Item
Domain
Depression
Papers Indexed
3
Score Range
0–126
Interpretation
Lower = better
All Measures