Menstrual Changes and Reversal of Amenorrhea Induced by Classic Psychedelics: A Case Series

This investigation is a descriptive case series based on interviews of three women who reported changes in menstrual function following use of classic psychedelics. Participants were recruited through social media and word of mouth. Written informed consent for inclusion of health information in a published case series was obtained from each respondent, and case descriptions were reviewed by the participants for accuracy. Data collection consisted of retrospective clinical histories elicited in interviews conducted by author NG. The researchers also completed a literature search to contextualise the case histories. No confirmatory laboratory testing of the substances ingested was performed and no contemporaneous hormonal assays were available. The study therefore presents qualitative, self-reported clinical narratives rather than quantitative or experimentally controlled data. The extracted text does not report any formal analytic methods, statistical testing, or additional objective assessments beyond the interviews and the literature review.

Three women aged between 27 and 34 years described menstrual changes following moderate-to-high doses of classic psychedelics. Case 1 ("N", age 27 at the time) had a history of regular cycles (30–33 days) and premorbid PMDD. She took approximately 1.5 g dried psilocybin mushrooms (reported equivalent ~4–15 mg psilocybin) and experienced the onset of menses about 8 days earlier than expected the following day, with worse-than-usual cramps and mood swings; the bleed otherwise lasted a typical duration. She later used microdoses of psilocybin for mood and reported improved functioning but no change in PMDD symptom severity and no menstrual irregularities while microdosing. Case 2 ("H", age 34 at interview; age 30 at the psychedelic experience) had developed amenorrhea about 9 months earlier after psychosocial stressors; prior BMI was in the normal range (23.6 kg/m2) and pelvic imaging was reported as normal. She took an unknown quantity of LSD at a festival (no drug testing performed) and experienced return of menses the next morning; her cycles reportedly remained regular for at least the subsequent 4 years. She later participated in ayahuasca ceremonies and consistently observed that, when she was within several days of an expected menses, ingestion often provoked onset of bleeding during or shortly after the ceremony. Case 3 ("E", age 31 at interview; age 28 at the initial event) had a long history of irregular cycles and a 5-year period of amenorrhea preceding the event, with an estimated BMI of about 19 kg/m2 at that time. In a group setting she consumed a chocolate preparation reported to contain psilocybin plus an ayahuasca component (plant identity not confirmed) and experienced return of menses the next morning. Her cycles were regular for about 3 months afterwards, then returned to irregularity but with less extreme variability (subsequently varying 22–35 days rather than months without menses). About one year after the event she was diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). She subsequently reported multiple psychedelic experiences of which roughly one-third apparently induced early menses; she also reported a period during which microdosing was associated with a return to regular cycles. Across the three cases the phenomena reported were: induction of early menses (often when use occurred in the mid-to-late luteal phase), resumption of menses after apparent functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in two participants, and improved menstrual regularity in one participant who was later diagnosed with PCOS. The extracted text notes no objective drug confirmation or hormonal measurements were available for any case.

Gukasyan and colleagues interpret the three case histories as indicating at least three distinct psychedelic-associated phenomena: early induction of menses (particularly when drugs were used in the mid-to-late luteal phase), reversal of amenorrhea (likely functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in the two affected women), and improvements in menstrual regularity in one woman later diagnosed with PCOS. They relate these observations to a sparse earlier case series from the mid-20th century in which mescaline and LSD were reported to restore menses or regular cycles in several women. The investigators propose that these effects may be mediated by actions somewhere along the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, plausibly linked to 5-HT2A receptor agonism shared by classic psychedelics. They discuss several candidate mechanisms reported in prior work: acute and post-acute alterations in prolactin and cortisol, serotonergic modulation of endocrine function, prostaglandin-mediated uterine effects, and—specifically for ergoline compounds like LSD—possible dopaminergic actions that could influence prolactin secretion. The authors note mixed and sometimes contradictory findings in the literature, for example studies showing acute increases in prolactin after some psychedelics (DOI, DMT) whereas LSD decreased prolactin in animal models; they further cite small human studies showing variable cortisol and prolactin responses following psilocybin or ayahuasca. They acknowledge key limitations of the series: reliance on retrospective self-report and recall, absence of confirmatory drug testing (so ingested substances could not be verified), and lack of hormonal assays or other objective measures to elucidate mechanisms. For the participant with PCOS the authors concede they lack detailed information about concurrent treatments or lifestyle changes that might have influenced cycle regularity. The paper also recognises the possibility that these effects are rare, reflect individual sensitivity, or have been underreported because menstrual outcomes have not been systematically measured in psychedelic research. Finally, the authors suggest that further research is warranted to characterise the frequency, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic implications of psychedelic-induced menstrual and reproductive changes, and they recommend prospective measurement of relevant hormones (for example estrogen, progesterone, prostaglandins, prolactin, and cortisol) after psychedelic administration to better understand causality and mechanism.