The psychological and physiological effects of MDMA on normal volunteers
Downing, J.
This early study (1986) of the effects of MDMA suggests that MDMA exerts predictable transient psychological effects and shows no major toxicity. However, the author cautiously concludes that the evidence is insufficient to make definitive judgments.
Abstract
Administered 2-methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-propane (MDMA) to 21 Ss to provide baseline data on cardiovascular, biochemical, and neurobehavioral effects of the drug. Only 14 Ss completed the MDMA experience report. Doses ranged from 0.8 to 1.9 mg per pound of body weight, the mean dose being 1.14 mg per pound. Data are provided on Ss' demographic characteristics, previous MDMA experiences, other drug use, general health, negative and positive MDMA effects, preferred frequency of use and recommended legal status for MDMA, and cardiovascular, biochemical, and neurobehavioral responses to MDMA. MDMA has consistent and predictable psychological effects that are transient and free of clinically apparent major toxicity; however, there is insufficient evidence to accurately judge either the drug's potential harm or benefit.