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Home/Research/Esketamine/Adolescents

Esketamine for Adolescents

10 papers and 1 clinical trial exploring esketamine as a treatment for adolescents.

Compounddissociative

Esketamine

Esketamine (Spravato) is the S-enantiomer of ketamine, approved as an intranasal treatment for treatment-resistant depression and MDD with acute suicidal ideation. It is administered under clinical supervision with post-dose monitoring and has reached over $1.6 billion in annual sales.

Full Esketamine profile
IndicationApproximately 300 million adolescents worldwide.

Adolescents

Psychedelic use among adolescents presents a complex interplay between cultural context, potential therapeutic benefits, and risks associated with mental health. Recent research suggests that while Western perspectives are largely negative, there is a growing interest in the potential for psychedelics to support mental health treatment in this demographic, particularly in therapeutic settings.

Full Adolescents profile

Academic Research

10 papers
Open Accessindividual

Effectiveness and factors associated with esketamine response during the 4-week induction period for treatment-resistant depression: post-hoc analysis of the real-world ESKALE study

This post-hoc analysis (n=128) of the French real-world ESKALE study found that intranasal esketamine produced a rapid and steadily increasing antidepressant response in patients with treatment-resistant depression over four weeks (response rate rising from 19% at week one to 47% at week four), and that experiencing dissociation during the first week of treatment may be an early indicator of a positive response.

Published
March 10, 2026
Journal
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Authors
Samalin, L., Rothärmel, M., Mekaoui, L., Sauvaget, A., Wicart, C., Gaudre-Wattine, E., Cohignac, V., Malatesta, A., Dupin, J.
Open Accessindividual

Effect of Esketamine on Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder at Imminent Suicide Risk: A Randomized Psychoactive-Controlled Study

This double-blind Phase IIb trial (n=147) evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of esketamine nasal spray versus midazolam in reducing depressive (MDD) symptoms in adolescents at imminent risk for suicide (SI). The study finds that pooled doses of esketamine (56 and 84 mg) significantly reduce depressive symptoms at 24 hours, with common side effects including dizziness, nausea, and dissociation.

Published
January 1, 2026
Journal
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Authors
Kosik-Gonzalez, C., Chen, L. N., Lane, R., Bloch, M. H., DelBello, M., Moreno, C., Drevets, W. C., Canuso, C. M., Fu, D. J.
Paywallindividual

Barriers to Esketamine Nasal Spray Treatment Among Adults With Treatment-Resistant Depression

This retrospective observational cohort study (n=966 esketamine initiators, n=39,219 controls) examines factors influencing esketamine initiation and continuation for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Initiators resided closer to treatment centres, with initiation rates decreasing significantly with distance. Factors associated with increased initiation included posttraumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation, and male sex, while Medicaid, substance use disorder, older age, and greater distance were associated with lower initiation rates.

Published
May 6, 2024
Journal
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Authors
Joshi, K., Liberman, J. N., Parab, P., Darer, J. D., Harding, L.
Paywallindividual

Effect of Repeated Intravenous Esketamine on Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder and Suicidal Ideation: A Randomized Active-Placebo-Controlled Trial

This placebo-controlled trial (n=54) investigates the efficacy and safety of esketamine (iv, 17.5mg, 3x) in adolescents suffering from depression (MDD) and suicidal ideation (SI). It shows significant reductions in Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Ideation and Intensity scores and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores in the esketamine group compared to the midazolam (placebo) group at day six, with maintained antisuicidal and antidepressant responses at four weeks post-treatment.

Published
May 1, 2024
Journal
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Authors
Zhou, Y., Lan, X-F., Wang, C., Zhang, F., Liu, H., Chao, Z., Ning, Y-P., Fu, L., Hu, Z., Li, W., Ye, Y.
Open Accessmeta

Hype or hope? High placebo response in major depression treatment with ketamine and esketamine: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This meta-analysis of 14 RCTs (1,100 participants) found large antidepressant effects for ketamine and esketamine. However, the pooled placebo response accounted for up to 72% of the overall treatment effect (66% at seven days), indicating a major contribution of placebo to observed benefits and implications for clinical practice.

Published
March 8, 2024
Journal
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Authors
Matsingos, A., Wilhelm, M., Noor, L., Yildiz, C., Rief, W., Hofmann, S. G., Falkenberg, I., Kircher, T., Eugene, A. R., Yang, J. J.
Paywallindividual

The correlation of Esketamine with specific adverse events: a deep dive into the FAERS database

This retrospective analysis (n=5061) of FAERS data on esketamine from 2019 to 2023 reveals 117 adverse reactions. In addition to known adverse events, new signals like flashback, tachyphylaxis, and autoscopy were identified. Suicidal ideation and attempts were relatively high, emphasizing the need for vigilance, while issues related to nasal administration, such as monitoring procedure errors and discomfort, were highlighted.

Published
December 16, 2023
Journal
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
Authors
Jiang, Y., Du, Z., Shen, Y., Zhou, Q., Zhu, H.

Clinical Trials

1 trial
CompletedPhase II

Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of 3 Fixed Doses of Intranasal Esketamine in Addition to Comprehensive Standard of Care for the Rapid Reduction of the Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder, Including Suicidal Ideation, in Pediatric Participants Assessed to be at Imminent Risk for Suicide

This double-blind, randomized, psychoactive placebo-controlled trial (n=147) assessed the efficacy and safety of 3 fixed doses (28 mg, 56 mg, and 84 mg) of intranasal esketamine in addition to comprehensive standard of care for rapidly reducing the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), including suicidal ideation, in pediatric subjects.

Started
October 5, 2017
Type
interventional
Blinding
double
Randomized
Yes
Registry ID
NCT03185819

Explore further

Search all Esketamine papers Search all Adolescents trials Full Esketamine profile Full Adolescents profile