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Home/Research/Ketamine/Schizophrenia

Ketamine for Schizophrenia

49 papers and 2 clinical trials exploring ketamine as a treatment for schizophrenia.

CompoundArylcyclohexylamine

Ketamine

A dissociative anesthetic with rapid-acting antidepressant properties, widely used in clinical settings for mood and pain disorders.

Full Ketamine profile
IndicationApproximately 24 million people worldwide are affected by schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterised by disruptions in thought processes and perception. Recent research into psychedelics has opened new avenues for understanding its neurobiology and exploring potential therapeutic mechanisms, particularly in addressing treatment-resistant symptoms.

Full Schizophrenia profile

Academic Research

49 papers
Open Accessindividual

Esketamine Monotherapy in Adults With Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial

In a phase 4, multicentre, double-blind randomised trial in adults with treatment‑resistant depression, intranasal esketamine monotherapy (56 mg and 84 mg) produced significant reductions in MADRS score versus placebo at day 28 (LS mean differences −5.1 and −6.8; effect sizes 0.48 and 0.63) and demonstrated rapid benefit at 24 hours. The tolerability profile was consistent with prior reports, most commonly nausea, dissociation, dizziness and headache.

Published
September 1, 2025
Journal
JAMA Psychiatry
Authors
Janik, A., Qiu, X., Lane, R., Popova, V., Drevets, W. C., Canuso, C. M., Macaluso, M., Mattingly, G. W., Shelton, R. C., Zajecka, J. M., Fu, D. J.
Open Accessmeta

Cost-per-remitter for esketamine nasal spray versus quetiapine for treatment-resistant depression

Using ESCAPE-TRD trial data in an Excel-based model, esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant achieved a 50% remission rate at 32 weeks versus 33% for quetiapine XR plus an oral antidepressant. The model estimated lower cost-per-remitter for esketamine (about $3,102 lower in a commercial setting and $456 lower in Medicaid), suggesting esketamine plus an oral antidepressant is cost‑effective for adults with treatment‑resistant depression.

Published
June 9, 2025
Journal
Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research
Authors
Clemens, K., Teeple, A., Rive, B., Kirson, N., Desai, U., Doran, J., Eid, D., Qu, A., Bowrey, H., Joshi, K.
Open Accessmeta

Impact analysis of expanded access to ketamine for treatment-resistant depression

Using a population-level Markov model, the study estimates that expanding intravenous ketamine access for US patients with nonpsychotic, treatment‑resistant moderate-to-severe depression would increase treated patients and, over five years, produce net societal savings of approximately $828.2 million annually compared with electroconvulsive therapy (about $95.3M to patients and $743.7M to payers), while adding a modest $10.8M annual caregiver-time burden. Ketamine was projected to be non‑inferior to ECT in improving depressive symptoms.

Published
May 22, 2025
Journal
Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research
Authors
Lu, T., D'angelo, S., Tayebali, Z., Dempsey, M., Giombi, K., Khavjou, O.
Paywallindividual

Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Bipolar II Disorder

In a subgroup analysis of four adults with treatment-resistant bipolar II disorder, one or two 25 mg psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy sessions produced rapid reductions in depressive symptoms (mean MADRS 32.5 → 20.3 at two weeks, 21.3 at six months). No treatment-emergent mania, hypomania or psychosis was observed, indicating preliminary safety and potential antidepressant efficacy that requires confirmation in larger trials.

Published
February 27, 2025
Journal
Psychedelic Medicine
Authors
Meshkat, S., Kaczmarek, E., Doyle, Z., Brudner, R. M., Gomes, F. A., Blainey, M. G., Weiglein, G., McIntyre, R. S., Mansur, R. B., Rosenblat, J. D.
Open Accessindividual

Esketamine Nasal Spray vs Quetiapine Extended-Release: Examining Work Productivity Loss and Related Costs in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression

This secondary analysis (n=321) of the ESCAPE-TRD trial compared work productivity loss (WPL) and related costs in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) receiving esketamine nasal spray (56mg or 84mg) versus quetiapine (atypical antipsychotic) extended release, both combined with an oral antidepressant. By week 8, WPL decreased by 30.3% with esketamine and 17.3% with quetiapine, leading to a cost savings difference of $156 per week. By week 32, WPL reductions were 45.3% (esketamine) and 32.5% (quetiapine), with a weekly cost savings difference of $153.

Published
January 27, 2025
Journal
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Authors
Clemens, K., Pmhnp-Bc, A., Teeple, D., Zhdanava, M., Shah, A., Joshi, K., Buyze, J., Pilon, D., Bowrey, H. E., Godinov, Y.
Paywallindividual

Esketamine nasal spray versus quetiapine XR in adults with treatment-resistant depression: a secondary analysis of the ESCAPE-TRD randomized clinical trial

In a secondary analysis of ESCAPE-TRD (n=636), esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant, dosed according to US prescribing information, produced significantly higher remission rates from week 8 to week 32 and greater, earlier reductions in MADRS scores (from day 8) than quetiapine XR, with fewer discontinuations due to adverse events.

Published
January 17, 2025
Journal
CNS Spectrums
Authors
McIntyre, R. S., Mattingly, G., Godinov, Y., Buyze, J., Turkoz, I., Cabrera, P., Patel, M., Martinez, L., Himedan, M., Lopena, O.

Clinical Trials

2 trials
RecruitingPhase III

Intensified Pharmacological Treatment for Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression After a First-time Treatment Failure (INTENSIFY)

This randomized, controlled trial (n=1254) investigates the effect of an intensified pharmacological treatment (including ketamine/esketamine and clozapine) for schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar depression in subjects who experienced a first-time treatment failure on their first-line treatment.

Started
March 31, 2024
Type
interventional
Blinding
single
Randomized
Yes
Registry ID
NCT05603104
Withdrawn

Effects of acute ketamine administration on mental representations of the body in healthy participants.

This randomised controlled crossover trial (n=20) evaluated the safety and efficacy of ketamine for schizophrenia using 11mg/70kg ketamine.

Started
August 4, 2011
Type
interventional
Blinding
none
Randomized
Yes
Registry ID
ACTRN12611000197932

Explore further

Search all Ketamine papers Search all Schizophrenia trials Full Ketamine profile Full Schizophrenia profile