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Home/Research/Psilocybin/Health Economics & Reimbursement

Psilocybin for Health Economics & Reimbursement

8 papers and 1 clinical trial exploring psilocybin as a treatment for health economics & reimbursement.

CompoundClassic Psychedelic

Psilocybin

Psilocybin is a naturally occurring tryptamine psychedelic that acts as a prodrug to psilocin, a potent 5-HT2A receptor agonist. It is the furthest advanced psychedelic in clinical development, with two positive Phase III trials in treatment-resistant depression and expanding regulated access in Australia, Germany, and US states.

Full Psilocybin profile
IndicationApproximately 300 million individuals worldwide suffer from depression, with PTSD affecting about 7-8% of the US population at some point in their lives.

Health Economics & Reimbursement

Psychedelic-assisted therapies are gaining traction in the health economics domain, with promising findings regarding their efficacy in treating mental health disorders. As the FDA considers approval for compounds like MDMA and psilocybin, the economic implications, including reimbursement models, are increasingly relevant to healthcare systems worldwide.

Full Health Economics & Reimbursement profile

Academic Research

8 papers
Open Accessmeta

Psychedelics in NHS services: exploring a model for real-world implementation of psilocybin

This commentary (2026) discusses how psilocybin could be delivered in publicly funded health services such as the NHS, focusing on the role of psychological support alongside the drug. It outlines a possible service model and emphasises that implementation should be grounded in strong evidence and equitable access.

Published
March 30, 2026
Journal
BJPsych Open
Authors
Smith, K. A., Harcourt, E., Cipriani, A.
Open Accessmeta

Psilocybin-assisted therapy for treatment-resistant depression in the US: a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis

This cost-effectiveness analysis found that psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) may offer economic value at $5,000 or less per treatment course, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $117,517 per QALY gained over 12 months, with cost-effectiveness highly sensitive to treatment price (95% probability at $3,000 vs 1% at $10,000).

Published
August 29, 2025
Journal
Translational Psychiatry
Authors
Avancena, A. L. V., Vuong, L., Kahn, J. G., Marseille, E.
Open Accessindividual

Attitudes of psychedelic users regarding cost of treatment and non-hallucinogenic alternatives

In a survey of 1,221 naturalistic psychedelic users, 76% judged altered states of consciousness to be very or extremely important for therapeutic effects, yet 61% said they would be willing to try a non-hallucinogenic analogue. Respondents considered about $70–80 per hour a reasonable fee for preparation, dosing and integration—substantially below current market projections for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.

Published
May 30, 2024
Journal
Journal of Psychedelic Studies
Authors
Aday, J. S., Boehnke, K. F., Herberholz, M., Kruger, D. J.
Open Accessindividual

Effects of DMT on mental health outcomes in healthy volunteers

In healthy volunteers, intravenous DMT produced significant reductions in depressive symptoms one to two weeks after administration in both placebo-controlled and prospective samples, with trait neuroticism reduced only in the placebo-controlled group and symptom change correlated with the intensity of acute "oceanic boundlessness" peak experiences. The authors suggest IV DMT’s short, controllable action may alleviate depressive symptomatology via induced peak experiences and warrants further clinical investigation.

Published
February 7, 2024
Journal
Scientific Reports
Authors
Timmermann, C., Zeifman, R. J., Erritzoe, D., Nutt, D. J., Carhart-Harris, R. L.
Open Accessindividual

Psilocybin Therapy for Treatment Resistant Depression: Prediction of Clinical Outcome by Natural Language Processing

Using day‑1 post‑dose therapy transcripts from a phase IIb trial of psilocybin for treatment‑resistant depression, the authors applied a zero‑shot BART‑based two‑dimensional sentiment classifier combined with the Emotional Breakthrough Index and treatment arm to model outcome. Multinomial models predicted responder status at 3 and 12 weeks with 85–88% accuracy (AUC ≈85–88%), showing that NLP‑derived language features can rapidly predict longer‑term clinical response.

Published
August 22, 2023
Journal
Psychopharmacology
Authors
Dougherty, R. F., Clarke, P., Kuc, J., Schlosser, D., Dunlop, B. W., Hellerstein, D. J., Aaronson, S. T., Zisook, S., Young, A. H., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Goodwin, G. M., Ryslik, G. A., Alti, M.
Open Accessmeta

Cost-effectiveness of psilocybin-assisted therapy for severe depression: exploratory findings from a decision analytic model

Using a 6‑month decision analytic model, the authors found psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy produced the highest QALYs but higher healthcare costs, and could be cost‑effective versus medication and CBT if therapist support costs were halved and psilocybin were priced at about £400–£800 per person. From a societal perspective PAP appeared more favourable, though longer‑term outcome data are needed.

Published
June 2, 2023
Journal
Psychological Medicine
Authors
Mccrone, P., Fisher, H., Knight, C., Harding, R., Schlag, A. K., Nutt, D. J., Neill, J. C.

Clinical Trials

1 trial
RecruitingPhase II

Psilocybin Therapy for Psychological Distress in Palliative Patients (PsyPal)

Quadruple-blind, randomised, low-dose controlled Phase II trial (n=108) comparing two escalating psilocybin doses (15 mg then 25 mg) versus two low doses (1 mg) in palliative patients with COPD, ALS, MS, or APD and co-morbid depression.

Started
March 1, 2025
Type
interventional
Blinding
quadruple
Randomized
Yes
Registry ID
NCT06782724

Explore further

Search all Psilocybin papers Search all Health Economics & Reimbursement trials Full Psilocybin profile Full Health Economics & Reimbursement profile