Clinical TrialLSDLSDLSDLSDCompleted

LSD-25 in Autistic Schizophrenic Children: An Open Observational Study (Freedman 1962)

Open, observational study (Archives of General Psychiatry, March 1962; Freedman AM, Ebin EV, Wilson EA) at a day school for children with schizophrenia. From a total school population of 40, 12 well-known pupils were selected who met the authors' criteria for autistic schizophrenia: 10 boys and 2 girls aged 5 years 11 months to 11 years 10 months; 7 were essentially mute and the other 5 used words or phrases only occasionally. No control arm or randomisation. Intervention: d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) administered in an open exploratory design; dose details and session structure not fully described in available methods extract. Outcomes: behavioural and developmental observations at the day school. No trial registry; pre-dates any formal registration requirement.

Target Enrollment
12 participants
Study Type
interventional
Design
Non-randomized

Study Arms & Interventions

LSD-25

experimental

Oral administration of LSD-25 in a vehicle (e.g., chocolate milk, coffee, orange juice, Coca Cola, cocoa, milk, water) to autistic schizophrenic children.

Interventions

  • LSD100 µg
    via oral• single dose• 1 doses total

    Standard dose for most patients; administered in a preferred vehicle.

  • LSD50 µg
    via oral• single dose• 1 doses total

    Administered to one smaller girl.

  • LSD200 µg
    via oral• single dose• 1 doses total

    Administered to one boy on a second occasion (initial dose was 100µg).

  • LSD110 µg
    via oral• single dose• 1 doses total

    Administered on one occasion.

Primary Results(1 publication)

Participants

N = 12M. et al. 1962 →

Response Rates

experienced facial flush

11/12(91.7%)·M. et al. 1962 →

experienced pupillary dilatation

12/12(100.0%)·M. et al. 1962 →

experienced catatonia

3/12(25.0%)·M. et al. 1962 →

experienced equilibrium disturbance

6/12(50.0%)·M. et al. 1962 →

appetite markedly affected

12/12(100.0%)·M. et al. 1962 →

experienced elation

11/12(91.7%)·M. et al. 1962 →

experienced depression

3/12(25.0%)·M. et al. 1962 →

experienced flattening of affect

5/12(41.7%)·M. et al. 1962 →

experienced increased anxiety

6/12(50.0%)·M. et al. 1962 →

experienced apparent hallucinations

7/12(58.3%)·M. et al. 1962 →

increased alertness

4/12(33.3%)·M. et al. 1962 →

decreased alertness

6/12(50.0%)·M. et al. 1962 →

increased remoteness

10/12(83.3%)·M. et al. 1962 →

increased eye contact

1/12(8.3%)·M. et al. 1962 →

decreased eye contact

5/12(41.7%)·M. et al. 1962 →

increased verbalization and vocalization

2/12(16.7%)·M. et al. 1962 →

decreased verbalization and vocalization

2/12(16.7%)·M. et al. 1962 →

experienced repetitive echolalia

1/12(8.3%)·M. et al. 1962 →

Adverse Events (from all publications)

Arm / GroupnAny TEAESevereSeriousDiscont.
LSD-25experimental1212(100.0%)———

* The paper states 'all 12 children... were chosen for the experiment' and describes various reactions for all. Somatic reactions like facial flush and pupillary dilatation were commonly observed. Psychotic-like reactions (catatonia, ataxia, hallucinations) were noted in several participants.

Study Details

  • Status
    Completed
  • Type
    interventional
  • Design
    Non-randomized
  • Target Enrollment12 participants
  • Timeline
    Start: 1960-01-01
    End: 1962-01-01
  • Compounds
    LSDLSDLSDLSD

Related Publications

Autistic Schizophrenic Children: An Experiment in the Use of D-Lysergic Acid Diethyladmide (LSD-25)

Published
Authors
Freedman, A. M.

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