Outcome MeasureSubstance Use

COWS

Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale

3 Papers in Blossom

Outcome Data Across Studies

Reported results for COWS across 3 studies with quantitative data.

Outcome data across 5 study arm–timepoint observations
					SD
Safety of ibogaine administration in detoxification of opioid dependent individuals: a descriptive open-label observational study 2021Secondary	Ibogaine single dose(experimental)	0.08333333333333333	14	—	—	—
Safety of ibogaine administration in detoxification of opioid dependent individuals: a descriptive open-label observational study 2021Secondary	Ibogaine single dose(experimental)	1	14	—	—	—
Psilocybin for Opioid Use Disorder in Two Adults Stabilized on Buprenorphine: A Technical Report on Study Modifications and Preliminary Findings 2023Secondary	Psilocybin(experimental)	0	2	3.0	—	—
Psilocybin for Opioid Use Disorder in Two Adults Stabilized on Buprenorphine: A Technical Report on Study Modifications and Preliminary Findings 2023Secondary	Psilocybin(experimental)	0	1	14.0	—	—
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot open-label safety and feasibility study 2025Safety	Psilocybin + therapy(experimental)	0	15	—	—	—

Papers Using COWS

Open Accessindividual

Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot open-label safety and feasibility study

In a single‑arm, open‑label pilot of 15 people with methamphetamine use disorder, outpatient psilocybin‑assisted psychotherapy (single 25 mg oral dose with preparatory and integration sessions) was feasible and well tolerated with no serious adverse events, and was associated with reductions in self‑reported methamphetamine use and craving at 28 and 90 days; a larger randomised trial is required to confirm efficacy and safety.

Published: September 20, 2025
Journal: Addiction
Authors: Knock, E., Siefried, K. J., Gill Bedi, |., Albert, S., Day, R. O., Ezard, N., Ross, M., Liknaitzky, P., Brett, J., Bedi, G.

Paywallindividual

Psilocybin for Opioid Use Disorder in Two Adults Stabilized on Buprenorphine: A Technical Report on Study Modifications and Preliminary Findings

This safety-feasibility trial (n=2) explored the interaction between psilocybin and buprenorphine in adults with opioid use disorder (OUD). The study found that coadministration of psilocybin and buprenorphine was safely tolerated, with no serious adverse events or significant changes in opioid craving or withdrawal measures. Feasibility challenges led to modifications in the study population and eligibility criteria, emphasizing the need for improved accessibility and overall generalizability.

Published: December 4, 2023
Journal: Psychedelic Medicine
Authors: Nicholas, C. R., Horton, D. M., Malicki, J., Baltes, A., Hutson, P. R., Brown, R. T.

Open Accessindividual

Safety of ibogaine administration in detoxification of opioid dependent individuals: a descriptive open-label observational study

This open‑label study (n=14) of opioid‑dependent patients given a single 700 mg per 70kg dose of ibogaine‑HCl, treatment produced clinically relevant but reversible cardiac and cerebellar toxicity. The mean maximal QTc(F) prolongation was 95 ms, with 50% of participants exceeding 500 ms, accompanied by bradycardia and severe transient ataxia. Psychomimetic and withdrawal effects were generally manageable, and no torsades de pointes were observed.

Published: August 9, 2021
Journal: Addiction
Authors: Knuijver, T., Schellekens, A., Belgers, M., Donders, R., Kramers, C., Verkes, R. J.

Quick Facts

Full Name: Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale
Domain: Substance Use
Papers Indexed: 3
Score Range: 0–48
Interpretation: Lower = better

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