Outcome MeasureQuality of Life

DS-II

Demoralization Scale – II

6 Papers in Blossom

Outcome Data Across Studies

Reported results for DS-II across 6 studies with quantitative data.

Outcome data across 20 study arm–timepoint observations
SD
Psilocybin-assisted group therapy for demoralized older long-term AIDS survivor men: An open-label safety and feasibility pilot study
2020Primary
Group therapy + psilocybin(experimental)01814.26.6—
Psilocybin-assisted group therapy for demoralized older long-term AIDS survivor men: An open-label safety and feasibility pilot study
2020Primary
Group therapy + psilocybin(experimental)42187.56.6—
Psilocybin-assisted group therapy for demoralized older long-term AIDS survivor men: An open-label safety and feasibility pilot study
2020Primary
Group therapy + psilocybin(experimental)132188.47.5—
Psilocybin-assisted group therapy in patients with cancer diagnosed with a major depressive disorder
2023Exploratory
Psilocybin 25mg(experimental)03014.5——
Psilocybin-assisted group therapy in patients with cancer diagnosed with a major depressive disorder
2023Exploratory
Psilocybin 25mg(experimental)21307.9——
Psilocybin-assisted group therapy in patients with cancer diagnosed with a major depressive disorder
2023Exploratory
Psilocybin 25mg(experimental)56307.7——
Psilocybin-Assisted Group Psychotherapy + Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for Frontline Healthcare Provider COVID-19 Related Depression and Burnout: A Randomized Clinical Trial
2025Secondary
MBSR(active_comparator)01216.66.0—
Psilocybin-Assisted Group Psychotherapy + Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for Frontline Healthcare Provider COVID-19 Related Depression and Burnout: A Randomized Clinical Trial
2025Secondary
MBSR(active_comparator)141212.05.90.029
Psilocybin-Assisted Group Psychotherapy + Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for Frontline Healthcare Provider COVID-19 Related Depression and Burnout: A Randomized Clinical Trial
2025Secondary
MBSR + Psilocybin(experimental)01314.47.7—
Psilocybin-Assisted Group Psychotherapy + Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for Frontline Healthcare Provider COVID-19 Related Depression and Burnout: A Randomized Clinical Trial
2025Secondary
MBSR + Psilocybin(experimental)14133.52.50.029

Papers Using DS-II

Open Accessindividual

A phase 1 study of a second experience with Group Retreat Psilocybin Therapy for partial responders after a first experience

This Phase 1 study (n=13) tested a second group retreat psilocybin therapy session in people with metastatic cancer who had only partly responded before. It found no serious side effects, and anxiety and depression scores improved, with more participants reporting a full mystical experience after the second session.

Published
Authors
Back, A. L., McGregor, B. A., Thorn, L. L., Harvey, K., Blom, D., Callan, G., Guy, J., Kumar, S., Hershberg, R., Layer, M., Levin, J., Myers, S., Perez, J., Salmonson, K., Thompson, P., Whinney, J.
Open Accessindividual

Group Retreat Psilocybin Therapy for People with Metastatic Cancer with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: Safety and Efficacy Outcomes of a Phase 1/2 Study

This Phase I/II study (n=52) tested a group retreat model of psilocybin therapy for people with metastatic cancer and anxiety or depression, using 25 mg psilocybin in a 3-day retreat format. No unattended distress episodes occurred, and anxiety and depression scores fell over 28 days.

Published
Journal
Psychedelic Medicine
Authors
Back, A. L., McGregor, B. A., Thorn, L. L., Baker, K., Gooley, T., Kaelen, M., Harvey, K., Guy, J. M., Myers, S., Perez, J., Thompson, P., Billingsley, L., Sesnon, C.
Paywallindividual

Psilocybin-assisted therapy for demoralisation in hospice patients: feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy

In an open‑label pilot where 10 hospice patients received a single 25 mg psilocybin‑assisted therapy session, the intervention was feasible and well tolerated with no serious psilocybin‑related adverse events and produced a significant reduction in demoralisation at three weeks (mean reduction 8.8 points, p=0.0196). Acceptability varied because of the intervention’s emotional intensity, indicating PAT can be integrated into hospice care but requires optimisation and larger controlled trials.

Published
Journal
BMJ Open
Authors
Beaussant, Y., Sager, Z., Brennan, C., Kristan, I., Ljuslin, M., Mazzola, E., Macdonald, D., Murphy, M. E., Nigam, K., Rinaldi, A. D., Sanders, J., Schaefer, K. G., Sholevar, R., Summer, L., Waliji-Banglawala, A., Yudilevich-Espinoza, S., Tulsky, J. A.
Open Accessindividual

Psilocybin-Assisted Group Psychotherapy + Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for Frontline Healthcare Provider COVID-19 Related Depression and Burnout: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomised controlled trial in 25 frontline physicians and nurses found that adding group psilocybin‑assisted psychotherapy (25 mg) to an 8‑week MBSR curriculum produced larger reductions in depressive symptoms at two weeks and greater improvements on burnout subscales, demoralisation and connectedness than MBSR alone. The intervention was well tolerated (only grade 1–2 adverse events, no serious AEs), suggesting that combining psilocybin with mindfulness training may be a promising treatment for COVID‑19‑related depression and burnout in healthcare providers.

Published
Journal
PLOS Medicine
Authors
Lewis, B. R., Hendrick, J., Byrne, K., Msph, M. O., Wu, C., Garland, E. L.
Paywallindividual

Psilocybin-assisted group therapy in patients with cancer diagnosed with a major depressive disorder

In a phase 2 open‑label trial, a single 25 mg dose of psilocybin given in a group therapy setting with one‑to‑one therapist support was safe and feasible in 30 patients with cancer and major depressive disorder, with no psilocybin‑related serious adverse events. The treatment produced a large reduction in depressive symptoms (mean 19.1‑point decrease; 80% sustained response; 50% remission at week 1 maintained through 8 weeks), suggesting clinical efficacy warranting further study.

Published
Journal
Cancer
Authors
Agrawal, M., Richards, B. D., Richards, W. A., Beaussant, Y., Shnayder, S., Ameli, R., Roddy, K., Stevens, N., Schor, N., Honstein, H., Jenkins, B., Bates, M., Thambi, P.
Open Accessindividual

Psilocybin-assisted group therapy for demoralized older long-term AIDS survivor men: An open-label safety and feasibility pilot study

This open-label feasibility study (n=17) showed that psilocybin-assisted group therapy (21-25mg/70kg) was safe and effective for the treatment of demoralization in older long-term AIDS survivors.

Published
Journal
EClinicalMedicine
Authors
Anderson, B. T., Danforth, A. L., Daroff, R., Stauffer, C., Ekman, E., Agin-Liebes, G. I., Trope, A., Boden, M. T., Dilley, J., Mitchell, J., Woolley, J. D.

Quick Facts

Full Name
Demoralization Scale – II
Domain
Quality of Life
Papers Indexed
6
Score Range
0–32
Interpretation
Lower = better
Unit
points
All Measures