β
Outcome MeasureSubstance Use

PACS

Penn Alcohol Craving Scale

3 Papers in Blossom

Clinical Thresholds

030
Low craving
Score 0–10
Moderate craving
Score 11–20
High craving
Score 21–30

Outcome Data Across Studies

Reported results for PACS across 3 studies with quantitative data.

Outcome data across 6 study arm–timepoint observations
SD
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for AUD: Bayesian analysis of WHO drinking risk level and exploratory analysis of drinking behavior and psychosocial functioning at 3 months follow-up
2025Secondary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy(experimental)9014—Δ——
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for relapse prevention in alcohol use disorder: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial
2025Secondary
Psilocybin 25 mg(experimental)0——Δ——
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for relapse prevention in alcohol use disorder: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial
2025Secondary
Placebo(inactive)0——Δ——
Single-dose psilocybin therapy for alcohol use disorder: Pharmacokinetics, feasibility, safety and efficacy in an open-label study
2025Secondary
BPL-003(experimental)710-8.9Δ—0.003
Single-dose psilocybin therapy for alcohol use disorder: Pharmacokinetics, feasibility, safety and efficacy in an open-label study
2025Secondary
BPL-003(experimental)2810-5.9Δ—0.018
Single-dose psilocybin therapy for alcohol use disorder: Pharmacokinetics, feasibility, safety and efficacy in an open-label study
2025Secondary
BPL-003(experimental)8410-5.1Δ—0.052

Papers Using PACS

Open Accessindividual

MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for AUD: Bayesian analysis of WHO drinking risk level and exploratory analysis of drinking behavior and psychosocial functioning at 3 months follow-up

In an open‑label feasibility study of 14 recently detoxified participants, Bayesian analysis estimated a 55–63% probability that MDMA‑assisted psychotherapy produced a two‑level reduction in WHO drinking‑risk at 3‑month follow‑up, with preliminary reductions in alcohol craving and improvements in sleep and psychosocial functioning. The paper frames a harm‑reduction endpoint for AUD and provides early evidence that MDMA‑assisted psychotherapy may improve quality of life alongside reduced drinking.

Published
Journal
Alcohol and Alcoholism
Authors
Thurgur, H., Sessa, B., Higbed, L., O'brien, S., Durant, C., Wilson, S., Szigeti, B., Morgan, C. J. A., Nutt, D. J.
Open Accessindividual

Psilocybin-assisted therapy for relapse prevention in alcohol use disorder: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial

This double-blind randomised clinical trial (n=37) found that a single dose of psilocybin (25mg) with brief psychotherapy did not significantly reduce alcohol relapse rates or consumption compared to placebo in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) at 4-week or 6-month follow-up, though psilocybin participants reported additional reductions in craving and temptation to drink, suggesting larger trials are needed to evaluate this approach for severely affected patients.

Published
Journal
EClinicalMedicine
Authors
Rieser, N. M., Bitar, R., Halm, S., Rossgoderer, C., Gubser, L. P., Thévenaz, M., Kreis, Y., Von Rotz, R., Nordt, C., Visentini, M., Moujaes, F., Engeli, E. J. E., Ort, A., Seifritz, E., Vollenweider, F. X., Herdener, M., Preller, K. H.
Open Accessindividual

Single-dose psilocybin therapy for alcohol use disorder: Pharmacokinetics, feasibility, safety and efficacy in an open-label study

This open-label study (n=10) investigates the effects of single-dose psilocybin (25mg) therapy in adults with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD). It finds significant reductions in alcohol consumption, craving, and increases in self-efficacy over 12 weeks following treatment despite notable between-participant pharmacokinetic variations.

Published
Journal
Journal of Psychopharmacology
Authors
Fink-Jensen, A., Jensen, M. E., Stenbæk, D. S., Messell, C. D., Poulsen, E. D., Varga, T. V., Fisher, P. M., Nielsen, M. K. K., Johansen, S. S., Volkow, N. D., Knudsen, G. M.

Quick Facts

Full Name
Penn Alcohol Craving Scale
Domain
Substance Use
Papers Indexed
3
Score Range
0–30
Interpretation
Lower = better
Unit
points
All Measures