Trial PaperAnxiety DisordersAlcohol Use Disorder (AUD)Tobacco/Nicotine Use Disorder (TUD)Substance Use Disorders (SUD)Safety & Risk ManagementPsilocybin

Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: a proof-of-concept study

In a single-group proof-of-concept study of 10 participants with DSM‑IV alcohol dependence, psilocybin administered alongside motivational enhancement therapy produced a significant increase in abstinence after dosing that was largely maintained to 36 weeks, with the intensity of the first session strongly predicting subsequent reductions in drinking, craving and increased abstinence self‑efficacy. There were no significant treatment‑related adverse events, supporting the need for larger controlled trials to evaluate efficacy and mechanisms.

Authors

  • Michael Bogenschutz
  • Rick Strassman
  • Paulo Barbosa

Published

Journal of Psychopharmacology
individual Study

Abstract

Several lines of evidence suggest that classic (5HT2A agonist) hallucinogens have clinically relevant effects in alcohol and drug addiction. Although recent studies have investigated the effects of psilocybin in various populations, there have been no studies on the efficacy of psilocybin for alcohol dependence. We conducted a single-group proof-of-concept study to quantify acute effects of psilocybin in alcohol-dependent participants and to provide preliminary outcome and safety data. Ten volunteers with DSM-IV alcohol dependence received orally administered psilocybin in one or two supervised sessions in addition to Motivational Enhancement Therapy and therapy sessions devoted to preparation for and debriefing from the psilocybin sessions. Participants’ responses to psilocybin were qualitatively similar to those described in other populations. Abstinence did not increase significantly in the first 4 weeks of treatment (when participants had not yet received psilocybin), but increased significantly following psilocybin administration ( p < 0.05). Gains were largely maintained at follow-up to 36 weeks. The intensity of effects in the first psilocybin session (at week 4) strongly predicted change in drinking during weeks 5–8 ( r = 0.76 to r = 0.89) and also predicted decreases in craving and increases in abstinence self-efficacy during week 5. There were no significant treatment-related adverse events. These preliminary findings provide a strong rationale for controlled trials with larger samples to investigate efficacy and mechanisms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02061293

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Research Summary of 'Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: a proof-of-concept study'

Introduction

Classic (5HT2A agonist) hallucinogens were widely researched from the 1950s to the early 1970s for conditions including addiction. A meta-analysis of randomized trials of LSD for alcoholism reported an odds ratio favouring LSD at first post-treatment follow-up, and more recent work has renewed clinical interest in psilocybin. Small modern trials have examined psilocybin for anxiety in advanced cancer and as an adjunct for smoking cessation, and clinical research has generally supported the safety of classic hallucinogens when subjects are carefully screened and supervised. Despite this background and mechanistic rationale, there were no prior studies specifically testing psilocybin in people with alcohol dependence. Bogenschutz and colleagues therefore conducted a single-group, proof-of-concept study to quantify the acute psychoactive effects and tolerability of oral psilocybin in alcohol-dependent participants, and to provide preliminary outcome and safety data across a 36-week follow-up. The study aimed to evaluate whether administration of psilocybin, given alongside a manualised psychosocial intervention, was associated with changes in drinking behaviour and related psychological measures and whether acute subjective effects predicted clinical outcomes.

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Study Details

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Serra, Y. A., Barros-Santos, T., Anjos-Santos, A. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2022)

Presence, Trust, and Empathy: Preferred Characteristics of Psychedelic Carers

Thal, S., Engels, L. B., Bright, S. J. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2022)

Virtual Reality as a Moderator of Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy

Sekula, A. D., Downey, L., Puspanathan, P. · Frontiers in Psychology (2022)

19 cited
Exploring protective associations between the use of classic psychedelics and cocaine use disorder: a population-based survey study

Jones, G. M., Nock, M. K. · Scientific Reports (2022)

Psychedelic use is associated with reduced daily opioid use among people who use illicit drugs in a Canadian setting

Argento, E., Socias, M. E., Hayashi, K. et al. · International Journal of Drug Policy (2022)

Human Cortical Serotonin 2A Receptor Occupancy by Psilocybin Measured Using [11C]MDL 100,907 Dynamic PET and a Resting-State fMRI-Based Brain Parcellation

Barrett, F. S., Zhou, Y., Carbonaro, T. M. et al. · Frontiers in Neuroergonomics (2022)

Human behavioral pharmacology of psychedelics

Strickland, J. C., Johnson, M. W. · Advances in Pharmacology (2022)

5 cited
Methodological challenges in psychedelic drug trials: Efficacy and safety of psilocybin in treatment-resistant major depression (EPIsoDE) - Rationale and study design

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Palliative care provider attitudes toward existential distress and treatment with psychedelic-assisted therapies

Niles, H., Fogg, C., Kelmendi, B. et al. · BMC Palliative Care (2021)

Psychedelic Therapy's Transdiagnostic Effects: A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Perspective

Dursun, S. M., Kelly, J. R., Gillan, C. M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy for Substance Use Disorders and Potential Mechanisms of Action

Rieser, N. M., Herdener, M. ;., Preller, K. H. · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences (2021)

Models of psychedelic drug action: modulation of cortical-subcortical circuits

Doss, M. K., Madden, M. B., Gaddis, A. et al. · Brain (2021)

A Spectrum of Selves Reinforced in Multilevel Coherence: A Contextual Behavioural Response to the Challenges of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Development

Whitfield, H. J. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

Classic psychedelics in the treatment of substance use disorder: Potential synergies with twelve-step programs

Yaden, D. B., Berghella, A. P., Regier, P. S. et al. · International Journal of Drug Policy (2021)

41 cited
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for the treatment of resistant major depressive disorder (PsiDeR): protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled feasibility trial

Rucker, J., Jafari, H., Mantingh, T. et al. · BMJ Open (2021)

The readiness of psychiatrists to implement psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy

Page, L., Rehman, A., Syed, H. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

30 cited
A phase 1, dose-ranging study to assess safety and psychoactive effects of a vaporized 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine formulation (GH001) in healthy volunteers

Reckweg, J., Mason, N. L., van Leeuwen, C. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2021)

Examining Psychedelic-Induced Changes in Social Functioning and Connectedness in a Naturalistic Online Sample Using the Five-Factor Model of Personality

Nygart, V., Pommerencke, L. M., Carhart-Harris, R. L. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2021)

Psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder

Doss, M. K., Považan, M., Rosenberg, M. D. et al. · Translational Psychiatry (2021)

249 cited
Psychedelic experience dose-dependently modulated by cannabis: results of a prospective online survey

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Psychedelics as Novel Therapeutics in Alzheimer’s Disease: Rationale and Potential Mechanisms

Garcia-Romeu, A., Darcy, S., Jackson, H. et al. · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences (2021)

Communalistic use of psychoactive plants as a bridge between traditional healing practices and Western medicine: A new path for the Global Mental Health movement

Ona, G., Berrada, A., Bouso, J. C. · Transcultural Psychiatry (2021)

Day trip to hell: A mixed methods study of challenging psychedelic experiences

Johnstad, P. G. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2021)

43 cited
Lifetime use of psychedelics is associated with better mental health indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cavanna, F., Pallavicini, C., Milano, V. et al. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2021)

Novel Treatment Approaches for Substance Use Disorders: Therapeutic Use of Psychedelics and the Role of Psychotherapy

Johnson, M. W., Gründer, G., Betzler, F. et al. · Current Addiction Reports (2021)

Ibogaine Blocks Cue- and Drug-Induced Reinstatement of Conditioned Place Preference to Ethanol in Male Mice

Henriques, G. M., Anjos-Santos, A., Rodrigues, I. R. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2021)

A Qualitative Exploration of Relational Ethical Challenges and Practices in Psychedelic Healing

Brennan, W., Jackson, M. A., MacLean, K. A. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2021)

34 cited
The effects of tryptamine psychedelics in the brain: a meta-analysis of functional and review of molecular imaging studies

Castelhano, J. M., Lima, G. M., Teixeira, M. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2021)

Attitudes and Beliefs about the Therapeutic Use of Psychedelic Drugs among Psychologists in the United States

Davis, A. K., Agin-Liebes, G. I., España, M. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2021)

Psilocybin-induced changes in brain network integrity and segregation correlate with plasma psilocin level and psychedelic experience

Madsen, M. K., Stenbaek, D. S., Arvidsson, A. et al. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2021)

Spiritual experiences in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: Case reports of communion with the divine, the departed, and saints in research using psilocybin for the treatment of alcohol dependence

Podrebarac, S. K., O'donnell, K. C., Mennenga, S. E. et al. · Spirituality in Clinical Practice (2021)

This Is Something That Changed My Life: A Qualitative Study of Patients' Experiences in a Clinical Trial of Ketamine Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders

Mollaahmetoglu, O. M., Keeler, J., Ashbullby, K. J. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

Increases in Psychological Flexibility Mediate Relationship Between Acute Psychedelic Effects and Decreases in Racial Trauma Symptoms Among People of Color

Davis, A. K., Xin, Y., Sepeda, N. D. et al. · Chronic Stress (2021)

Turn on, Tune in, and Drop out: Predictors of Attrition in a Prospective Observational Cohort Study on Psychedelic Use

Hübner, S., Haijen, E. C. H. M., Kaelen, M. et al. · Journal of Medical Internet Research (2021)

Associations between ayahuasca consumption in naturalistic settings and current alcohol and drug use: Results of a large international cross-sectional survey

Perkins, D., Opaleye, E. S., Simonová, H. et al. · Drug and Alcohol Review (2021)

Does psychedelic therapy have a transdiagnostic action and prophylactic potential?

Kočárová, C., Horacek, J., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

73 cited
LSD, madness and healing: Mystical experiences as possible link between psychosis model and therapy model

Wießner, I., Falchi, M., Palhano-Fontes, F. et al. · Psychological Medicine (2021)

Psilocybin Induces Aberrant Prediction Error Processing of Tactile Mismatch Responses-A Simultaneous EEG-FMRI Study

Duerler, P., Brem, S., Fraga-González, G. et al. · Cerebral Cortex (2021)

Psychedelics as a Training Experience for Psychedelic Therapists: Drawing on History to Inform Current Practice

Nielson, E. M. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2021)

Psychedelic perceptions: mental health service user attitudes to psilocybin therapy

Corrigan, K., Haran, M., Mccandliss, C. et al. · Irish Journal of Medical Science (2021)

Psilocybin and MDMA for the treatment of trauma-related psychopathology

Bird, C. I. V., Modlin, N. L., Rucker, J. · International Review of Psychiatry (2021)

Predicting changes in substance use following psychedelic experiences: natural language processing of psychedelic session narratives

Cox, D. J., Garcia-Romeu, A., Johnson, M. W. · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse (2021)

Psychedelics and health behaviour change

Teixeira, P. J., Johnson, M. W., Timmermann, C. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

An analog of psychedelics restores functional neural circuits disrupted by unpredictable stress

Lu, J., Tjia, M., Mullen, B. et al. · Molecular Psychiatry (2021)

Protocol for Outcome Evaluation of Ayahuasca-Assisted Addiction Treatment: The Case of Takiwasi Center

Rush, B., Marcus, O., García, S. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2021)

19 cited
Exploring the relationship between microdosing, personality and emotional insight: A prospective study

Dressler, H. M., Bright, S. J., Polito, V. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2021)

Clinical and biological predictors of psychedelic response in the treatment of psychiatric and addictive disorders: a systematic review

Romeo, B., Hermand, M., Pétillion, A. et al. · Journal of Psychiatric Research (2021)

60 cited
Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder

Davis, A. K., Barrett, F. S., May, D. G. et al. · JAMA Psychiatry (2021)

1015 cited
Effects of psilocybin microdosing on awe and aesthetic experiences: a preregistered field and lab-based study

Van Elk, M., Fejer, G., Lempe, P. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2021)

42 cited
Effects of ayahuasca and its alkaloids on substance use disorders: an updated (2016-2020) systematic review of preclinical and human studies

Rodrigues, L. S., Rossi, G. N., Rocha, J. M. et al. · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience (2021)

Do Hallucinogens Have a Role in the Treatment of Addictions? A Review of the Current Literature

Nigam, K. B., Pandurangi, A. K. · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine (2021)

Psychedelic Communitas: Intersubjective experience during psychedelic group sessions predicts enduring changes in psychological wellbeing and social connectedness

Kettner, H., Rosas, F. E., Timmermann, C. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2021)

157 cited
Naturalistic Use of Mescaline Is Associated with Self-Reported Psychiatric Improvements and Enduring Positive Life Changes

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Psychedelic Harm Reduction and Integration: A Transtheoretical Model for Clinical Practice

Palhano-Fontes, F., Gorman, I., Nielson, E. M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2021)

On the Relationship between Classic Psychedelics and Suicidality: A Systematic Review

Zeifman, R. J., Singhal, N., Breslow, L. et al. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2021)

Blinding and Expectancy Confounds in Psychedelic Randomised Controlled Trials

Muthukumaraswamy, S., Forsyth, B., Lumley, T. · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology (2021)

Classic psychedelic coadministration with lithium, but not lamotrigine, is associated with seizures: an analysis of online psychedelic experience reports

Nayak, S., Gukasyan, N., Barrett, F. S. et al. · Pharmacopsychiatry (2021)

Development and Evaluation of a Therapist Training Program for Psilocybin Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Clinical Research

Nielson, E. M., Tai, S. J., Lennard-Jones, M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

75 cited
Lasting effects of a single psilocybin dose on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy individuals

McCulloch, D. E-W., Madsen, M. K., Stenbæk, D. S. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

Within-treatment changes in a novel addiction treatment program using traditional Amazonian medicine

O'shaughnessy, D. M., Berlowitz, I., Rodd, R. et al. · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology (2021)

Positive expectations predict improved mental-health outcomes linked to psychedelic microdosing

Kaertner, L. S., Steinborn, M. B., Kettner, H. et al. · Scientific Reports (2021)

112 cited
Classic serotonergic psychedelics for mood and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of mood disorder patients and healthy participants

Galvão-Coelho, N. L., Marx, W., Sinclair, J. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2021)

Exploratory Controlled Study of the Migraine-Suppressing Effects of Psilocybin

Schindler, E. A. D., Sewell, R. A., Gottschalk, C. H. et al. · Neurotherapeutics (2021)

Making “bad trips” good: How users of psychedelics narratively transform challenging trips into valuable experiences

Gashi, L., Sandberg, S., Pedersen, W. · International Journal of Drug Policy (2021)

Virtual Reality and Psychedelics for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disease: A Systematic Literature Review

Ortiz, M. I., Gómez-Busto, F. J. · Clinical Neuropsychiatry (2020)

The Subjective Effects of Psychedelics Are Necessary for Their Enduring Therapeutic Effects

Yaden, D. B., Griffiths, R. R. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2020)

The Subjective Effects of Psychedelics May Not Be Necessary for Their Enduring Therapeutic Effects

Olson, D. E. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2020)

Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on reinforcement learning in humans

Kanen, J. W., Luo, Q., Kandroodi, M. R. et al. · Psychological Medicine (2020)

Psychedelics and Psychotherapy

Nayak, S., Johnson, M. W. · Pharmacopsychiatry (2020)

The History of Psychedelics in Psychiatry

Nichols, D. E., Walter, H. · Pharmacopsychiatry (2020)

Psychedelics as an emerging novel intervention in the treatment of substance use disorder: a review

DiVito, A. J., Leger, R. F. · Molecular Biology Reports (2020)

Post-acute psychological effects of classical serotonergic psychedelics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Goldberg, S. B., Shechet, B., Nicholas, C. R. et al. · Psychological Medicine (2020)

A quantitative exploration of the relationships between regular yoga practice, microdosing psychedelics, wellbeing and personality variables

Bright, S. J., Gringart, E., Blatchford, E. et al. · Australian Journal of Psychology (2020)

The Acute Effects of the Atypical Dissociative Hallucinogen Salvinorin A on Functional Connectivity in the Human Brain

Doss, M. K., May, D. G., Johnson, M. W. et al. · Scientific Reports (2020)

Classic Psychedelics as a Psychotherapeutic Aid in the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder: a Case Report

Johnson, S., Black, Q. C. · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (2020)

1 cited
Psychedelic drugs: neurobiology and potential for treatment of psychiatric disorders

Vollenweider, F. X., Preller, K. H. · Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2020)

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After a Psychedelic Experience, a Case Report

Rubin-Kahana, D. S., Hassan, A. N., Le Foll, B. · Journal of Addiction Medicine (2020)

Psilocybin acutely alters the functional connectivity of the claustrum with brain networks that support perception, memory, and attention

Barrett, F. S., Krimmel, S. R., Griffiths, R. R. et al. · NeuroImage (2020)

Psychedelic Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Patient Experiences in Qualitative Studies

Breeksema, J. J., Niemeijer, A. R., Krediet, E. et al. · CNS Drugs (2020)

Post-Psychedelic Reductions in Experiential Avoidance Are Associated With Decreases in Depression Severity and Suicidal Ideation

Zeifman, R. J., Wagner, A. C., Watts, R. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020)

82 cited
Psilocybin induces time-dependent changes in global functional connectivity: Psi-induced changes in brain connectivity

Preller, K. H., Burt, J. B., Adkinson, B. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2020)

Mystical Experiences in Retrospective Reports of First Times Using a Psychedelic in Finland

Kangaslampi, S., Hausen, A., Rauteenmaa, T. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2020)

A potential role for psilocybin in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Jacobs, E. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2020)

Broadening Your Mind to Include Others: The relationship between serotonergic psychedelic experiences and maladaptive narcissism

Van Mulukom, V., Patterson, R. E., Van Elk, M. · Psychopharmacology (2020)

Psilocybin: from ancient magic to modern medicine

Nichols, D. E. · Journal of Antibiotics (2020)

Psychedelic treatment of functional neurological disorder: a systematic review

Butler, M., Seynaeve, M., Nicholson, T. R. et al. · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology (2020)

Psilocybin and LSD Have No Long-Lasting Effects in an Animal Model of Alcohol Relapse

Meinhardt, M. W., Güngör, C., Skorodumov, I. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

Long-term effects of psychedelic drugs: A systematic review

Aday, J. S., Mitzkovitz, C. M., Bloesch, E. K. et al. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2020)

Reviewing the potential of psychedelics for the treatment of PTSD

Krediet, E., Bostoen, T., Breeksema, J. J. et al. · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

Learning to Let Go: A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of How Psychedelic Therapy Promotes Acceptance

Wolff, M., Evens, R., Mertens, L. J. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020)

Rostral Anterior Cingulate Thickness Predicts the Emotional Psilocybin Experience

Lewis, C. R., Preller, K. H., Braden, B. B. et al. · Biomedicines (2020)

24 cited
Perceived outcomes of psychedelic microdosing as self-managed therapies for mental and substance use disorders

Lea, T., Jungaberle, H., Schecke, H. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2020)

65 cited
Emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin

Barrett, F. S., Doss, M. K., Sepeda, N. D. et al. · Scientific Reports (2020)

The experimental effects of psilocybin on symptoms of anxiety and depression: A meta-analysis

Goldberg, S. B., Pace, B. T., Nicholas, C. R. et al. · Psychiatry Research (2020)

Therapeutic Use of LSD in Psychiatry: A Systematic Review of Randomized-Controlled Clinical Trials

Fuentes, J. J., Fonseca, F., Elices, M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020)

Classic psychedelics as therapeutics for psychiatric disorders

Nichols, C. D., Hendricks, P. S. · Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience (2020)

Microdosing psychedelics: Motivations, subjective effects and harm reduction

Lea, T., Amada, N., Jungaberle, H. et al. · International Journal of Drug Policy (2020)

95 cited
Therapeutic use of serotoninergic hallucinogens: A review of the evidence and of the biological and psychological mechanisms

Dos Santos, R. G., Hallak, J. E. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2020)

Prospective examination of synthetic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine inhalation: effects on salivary IL-6, cortisol levels, affect, and non-judgment

Uthaug, M. V., Lancelotta, R., Szabo, A. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2019)

86 cited
Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens”.

Preller, K. H., Vollenweider, F. X. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2019)

Toward a contextual psychedelic-assisted therapy: Perspectives from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and contextual behavioral science

Luoma, J. B., Sabucedo, P., Eriksson, J. et al. · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (2019)

Acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on resting brain function

Felix, M., Stefan, B. · Swiss Medical Weekly (2019)

Exploring ayahuasca-assisted therapy for addiction: A qualitative analysis of preliminary findings among an Indigenous community in Canada

Argento, E., Capler, R., Thomas, G. et al. · Drug and Alcohol Review (2019)

72 cited
Psychedelic microdosing benefits and challenges: an empirical codebook

Anderson, T., Petranker, R., Christopher, A. et al. · Harm Reduction Journal (2019)

Effects of acute and repeated treatment with serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens on intracranial self-stimulation in rats

Sakloth, F., Leggett, E., Moerke, M. J. et al. · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (2019)

41 cited
Psilocybin lacks antidepressant-like effect in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat

Jefsen, O., Højgaard, K., Christiansen, S. L. et al. · Acta Neuropsychiatrica (2019)

60 cited
Classic psychedelics: An integrative review of epidemiology, therapeutics, mystical experience, and brain network function

Johnson, M. W., Hendricks, P. S., Barrett, F. S. et al. · Pharmacology and Therapeutics (2019)

States and traits related to the quality and consequences of psychedelic experiences

Russ, S. L., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Maruyama, G. et al. · Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice (2019)

Long-lasting analgesic effect of the psychedelic drug changa: A case report

Ona, G., Troncoso, S. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2019)

A systematic study of microdosing psychedelics

Polito, V., Stevenson, R. J. · PLOS ONE (2019)

197 cited
Psychedelic effects of psilocybin correlate with serotonin 2A receptor occupancy and plasma psilocin levels

Madsen, M. K., Fisher, P. M., Burmester, D. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2019)

Trait Openness and serotonin 2A receptors in healthy volunteers: A positron emission tomography study

Stenbæk, D. S., Kristiansen, S., Burmester, D. et al. · Human Brain Mapping (2019)

9 cited
Microdosing psychedelics: personality, mental health, and creativity differences in microdosers

Anderson, T., Petranker, R., Rosenbaum, D. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2019)

142 cited
How do psychedelics work?

Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Current Opinion in Psychiatry (2019)

Intensity of Mystical Experiences Occasioned by 5-MeO-DMT and Comparison With a Prior Psilocybin Study

Barsuglia, J. P., Davis, A. K., Palmer, R. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2018)

Psychiatry might need some psychedelic therapy

Johnson, M. W. · International Review of Psychiatry (2018)

The influence of therapists’ first-hand experience with psychedelics on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy research and therapist training

Nielson, E. M., Guss, J. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2018)

Current perspectives on psychedelic therapy: use of serotonergic hallucinogens in clinical interventions

Richards, W. A., Garcia-Romeu, A. · International Review of Psychiatry (2018)

Predicting responses to psychedelics: a prospective study

Haijen, E. C. H. M., Kaelen, M., Roseman, L. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

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A sub-set of psychoactive effects may be critical to the behavioral impact of ketamine on cocaine use disorder: results from a randomized, controlled laboratory study

Dakwar, E., Nunes, E. V., Hart, C. L. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2018)

72 cited
Ketamine for the treatment of addiction: Evidence and potential mechanisms

Ezquerra-Romano, I. I., Lawn, W., Krupitsky, E. M. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2018)

Exploring the effect of microdosing psychedelics on creativity in an open-label natural setting

Prochazkova, L., Lippelt, D. P., Colzato, L. S. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2018)

Awe: a putative mechanism underlying the effects of classic psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy

Hendricks, P. S. · International Review of Psychiatry (2018)

143 cited
Psychedelics and music: neuroscience and therapeutic implications

Barrett, F. S., Preller, K. H., Kaelen, M. · International Review of Psychiatry (2018)

Psychedelics, meditation, and self-consciousness

Milliere, R., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Roseman, L. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2018)

Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: a systematic review of systematic reviews

Dos Santos, R. G., Bouso, J. C., Hallak, J. E. · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology (2018)

191 cited
DMT models the near-death experience

Timmermann, C., Roseman, L., Williams, L. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2018)

N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an Endogenous Hallucinogen: Past, Present, and Future Research to Determine Its Role and Function

Barker, S. · Frontiers in Neuroscience (2018)

A Gratuitous Grace: The Influence of Religious Set and Intent on the Psychedelic Experience

Neitzke-Spruill, L., Glasser, C. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2018)

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research and Development

Schenberg, E. E. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Effects of psilocybin therapy on personality structure

Erritzoe, D., Roseman, L., Nour, M. R. et al. · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (2018)

219 cited
Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Palhano-Fontes, F., Barreto, D., Onias, H. et al. · Psychological Medicine (2018)

The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act

Johnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R., Hendricks, P. S. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2018)

Mental health of a self-selected sample of psychedelic users and self-medication practices with psychedelics

Mason, N. L., Kuypers, K. P. C. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2018)

Out of the box: A psychedelic model to study the creative mind

Kuypers, K. P. C. · Medical Hypotheses (2018)

Integrating Psychedelic Medicines and Psychiatry: Theory and Methods of a Model Clinic

Sloshower, J. A. · Plant Medicines Healing and Psychedelic Science (2018)

The Use of Salvia divinorum from a Mazatec Perspective

Maqueda, A. E. · Plant Medicines Healing and Psychedelic Science (2018)

Changes in Withdrawal and Craving Scores in Participants Undergoing Opioid Detoxification Utilizing Ibogaine

Malcolm, B., Polanco, M., Barsuglia, J. P. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2018)

49 cited
Ceremonial ‘Plant Medicine’ use and its relationship to recreational drug use: an exploratory study

Dorsen, C., Palamar, J., Shedlin, M. G. · Addiction Research and Theory (2018)

21 cited
Unifying theories of psychedelic drug effects

Swanson, L. R. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Neuroendocrine Associations Underlying the Persistent Therapeutic Effects of Classic Serotonergic Psychedelics

Schindler, E. A. D., Wallace, R. M., Sloshower, J. A. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

The psychedelic debriefing in alcohol dependence treatment: illustrating key change phenomena through qualitative content analysis of clinical sessions

Kraehenmann, R., Nielson, E. M., May, D. G. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Clinical interpretations of patient experience in a trial of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for alcohol use disorder

Bogenschutz, M. P., Podrebarac, S. K., Duane, J. H. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Powerful substances in tiny amounts An interview study of psychedelic microdosing

Johnstad, P. G. · Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (2018)

121 cited
Serotonergic hallucinogens in the treatment of anxiety and depression in patients suffering from a life-threatening disease: A systematic review

Reiche, S., Hermle, L., Gutwinski, S. et al. · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (2018)

The hidden therapist: evidence for a central role of music in psychedelic therapy

Kaelen, M., Giribaldi, B., Raine, J. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2018)

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Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol... — Research Summary & Context | Blossom