Depressive DisordersPTSDAnxiety DisordersSubstance Use Disorders (SUD)SchizophreniaImmunology & Inflammation

The History of Psychedelics in Psychiatry

This book chapter (2020) in Pharmacopsychiatry provides an excellent overview of the history of psychedelics as they were used (and can be again) in psychiatry.

Authors

  • David Nichols

Published

Pharmacopsychiatry
meta Study

Abstract

Initial interest in the value of psychedelic drugs (psychotomimetics) in psychiatry began in the early 20th century, with explorations of the possibility that mescaline or peyote could produce psychosis-like effects. Over time, interest was focused on whether the effects of psychedelics could inform as to the underlying basis for psychiatric disorders. As research continued, and especially after the discovery of LSD in 1943, increasing interest in a role for psychedelics as adjuncts to psychotherapy began to evolve and became the major focus of work with psychedelics up to the present day.

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Research Summary of 'The History of Psychedelics in Psychiatry'

Introduction

Inserra and colleagues place this review in the context of a renewed clinical and scientific interest in psychedelic compounds over the past three decades. They note that ketamine's recent regulatory approval and ongoing Phase II and III trials of agents such as MDMA and psilocybin signal the beginning of clinical implementation; at the same time, psychedelic treatments raise distinctive challenges because they can produce profound, sometimes transformative, changes in consciousness as well as rapid therapeutic effects. Earlier research has shown promising signals of rapid antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti‑addiction, and PTSD benefits, but the mechanisms, optimal clinical models, and long‑term safety remain under active investigation and debate. This review aims to synthesise current understanding of the neurobiology and therapeutic mechanisms of compounds either approved or under active evaluation for psychiatric use. The authors restrict the scope to compounds most relevant to contemporary psychiatric development (for example, ketamine, psilocybin, MDMA, LSD, ayahuasca/DMT and related tryptamines) and describe clinical delivery models, pharmacology, neuroplasticity, immunomodulation, neurotransmitter effects, neural circuits, sleep and safety considerations. They also identify gaps in the evidence base and outline priorities for future research and policy changes that would support evidence‑based clinical translation.

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Study Details

References (210)

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