Trial PaperAnxiety DisordersDepressive DisordersPalliative & End-of-Life DistressHealthy VolunteersSafety & Risk ManagementPsilocybin

Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer

This is the first (modern) double-blind placebo-controlled study (n=12) of psilocybin (14mg/70kg) for the treatment of (end-of-life) anxiety (and depression) related to cancer. Treatment led to a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms up to three months after treatment and improvements in depressive symptoms reached significance after six months.

Authors

  • Charles Grob
  • Adam Halberstadt
  • Alicia Danforth

Published

JAMA Psychiatry
individual Study

Abstract

Context

Researchers conducted extensive investigations of hallucinogens in the 1950s and 1960s. By the early 1970s, however, political and cultural pressures forced the cessation of all projects. This investigation reexamines a potentially promising clinical application of hallucinogens in the treatment of anxiety reactive to advanced-stage cancer.

Objective

To explore the safety and efficacy of psilocybin in patients with advanced-stage cancer and reactive anxiety.

Design

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of patients with advanced-stage cancer and anxiety, with subjects acting as their own control, using a moderate dose (0.2 mg/kg) of psilocybin.

Setting

A clinical research unit within a large public sector academic medical center.

Participants

Twelve adults with advanced-stage cancer and anxiety.Main outcome measures: In addition to monitoring safety and subjective experience before and during experimental treatment sessions, follow-up data including results from the Beck Depression Inventory, Profile of Mood States, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were collected unblinded for 6 months after treatment.

Results

Safe physiological and psychological responses were documented during treatment sessions. There were no clinically significant adverse events with psilocybin. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory trait anxiety subscale demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety at 1 and 3 months after treatment. The Beck Depression Inventory revealed an improvement of mood that reached significance at 6 months; the Profile of Mood States identified mood improvement after treatment with psilocybin that approached but did not reach significance.

Conclusions

This study established the feasibility and safety of administering moderate doses of psilocybin to patients with advanced-stage cancer and anxiety. Some of the data revealed a positive trend toward improved mood and anxiety. These results support the need for more research in this long-neglected field.

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Research Summary of 'Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer'

Introduction

Interest in addressing the psychological, spiritual and existential distress experienced by patients with advanced-stage cancer has re-emerged after a long hiatus in clinical research. Earlier trials from the 1950s to early 1970s reported that hallucinogens could produce psychospiritual experiences associated with sustained improvements in mood and reduced anxiety in terminally ill patients, but research largely ceased for political and cultural reasons. Psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic metabolised to psilocin and acting as an agonist at serotonin 5-HT1A/2A/2C receptors (with 5-HT2A activation linked to hallucinogenic effects), has been re-examined because recent studies in healthy volunteers and in selected clinical populations suggest it can safely induce profound subjective experiences and, in some settings, durable improvements in well‑being. Grob and colleagues conducted the present investigation to explore the safety and preliminary efficacy of a moderate dose of psilocybin for anxiety reactive to advanced-stage cancer. The study aimed to assess physiological safety during sessions, acute subjective effects, and changes in mood and anxiety over a 6-month follow-up period using within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled methods in a small clinical sample. By reviving a controlled approach to this question, the study sought to establish feasibility and to inform the design of future trials.

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Study Details

References (8)

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Classic Psychedelic Use and Mechanisms of Mental Health: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Spirituality and Emotion Processing on Symptoms of Anxiety, Depressed Mood, and Disordered Eating in a Community Sample

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19 cited
Psilocybin for End-of-Life Anxiety Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Perspectives on psychedelic treatment and research in eating disorders: a web-based questionnaire study of people with eating disorders

Harding, F., Seynaeve, M., Keeler, J. et al. · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience (2021)

Novel Treatment Approaches for Substance Use Disorders: Therapeutic Use of Psychedelics and the Role of Psychotherapy

Johnson, M. W., Gründer, G., Betzler, F. et al. · Current Addiction Reports (2021)

A Qualitative Exploration of Relational Ethical Challenges and Practices in Psychedelic Healing

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34 cited
Improving cognitive functioning in major depressive disorder with psychedelics: a dimensional approach

Kuiperes, Z., Schreiber, R. · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (2021)

Psilocybin-induced changes in brain network integrity and segregation correlate with plasma psilocin level and psychedelic experience

Madsen, M. K., Stenbaek, D. S., Arvidsson, A. et al. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2021)

Spiritual experiences in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: Case reports of communion with the divine, the departed, and saints in research using psilocybin for the treatment of alcohol dependence

Podrebarac, S. K., O'donnell, K. C., Mennenga, S. E. et al. · Spirituality in Clinical Practice (2021)

This Is Something That Changed My Life: A Qualitative Study of Patients' Experiences in a Clinical Trial of Ketamine Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders

Mollaahmetoglu, O. M., Keeler, J., Ashbullby, K. J. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

Cancer Healthcare Workers' Perceptions toward Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: A Preliminary Investigation

Reynolds, L. M, Stack, A., Akroyd, A., Sundram, F. et al. · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2021)

22 cited
Turn on, Tune in, and Drop out: Predictors of Attrition in a Prospective Observational Cohort Study on Psychedelic Use

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Recreation and Realization: Reported Motivations of Use Among Persons Who Consume Psychedelics in Non-Clinical Settings

Dollar, C. B. · Qualitative Criminology (2021)

Psychedelic drug use and schizotypy in young adults

Lebedev, A. V., Acar, K., Garzón, B. et al. · Scientific Reports (2021)

2 cited
Systematized Review of Psychotherapeutic Components of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy

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Does psychedelic therapy have a transdiagnostic action and prophylactic potential?

Kočárová, C., Horacek, J., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

73 cited
Psilocybin Induces Aberrant Prediction Error Processing of Tactile Mismatch Responses-A Simultaneous EEG-FMRI Study

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Psilocybin as a Novel Pharmacotherapy for Treatment-Refractory Anorexia Nervosa

Rodan, S., Aouad, P., McGregor, I. S. et al. · OBM Neurobiology (2021)

Ayahuasca Improves Self-perception of Speech Performance in Subjects With Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot, Proof-of-Concept, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

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58 cited
Psychedelics as a Training Experience for Psychedelic Therapists: Drawing on History to Inform Current Practice

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Bird, C. I. V., Modlin, N. L., Rucker, J. · International Review of Psychiatry (2021)

Psychedelics and health behaviour change

Teixeira, P. J., Johnson, M. W., Timmermann, C. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

Future Directions for Clinical Psilocybin Research: The Relaxed Symptom Network

Lewis-Healey, E., Laukkonen, R., Van Elk, M. · Psyarxiv (2021)

1 cited
Clinical and biological predictors of psychedelic response in the treatment of psychiatric and addictive disorders: a systematic review

Romeo, B., Hermand, M., Pétillion, A. et al. · Journal of Psychiatric Research (2021)

60 cited
Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder

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1015 cited
Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Giribaldi, B., Watts, R. et al. · New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

927 cited
Psilocybin in end of life care: Implications for further research

Summergrad, P. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

Evaluating the Risk of Psilocybin for the Treatment of Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review of Published Case Studies

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Psychedelic Communitas: Intersubjective experience during psychedelic group sessions predicts enduring changes in psychological wellbeing and social connectedness

Kettner, H., Rosas, F. E., Timmermann, C. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2021)

157 cited
Naturalistic Use of Mescaline Is Associated with Self-Reported Psychiatric Improvements and Enduring Positive Life Changes

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Hallucinogenic/psychedelic 5HT2A receptor agonists as rapid antidepressant therapeutics: Evidence and mechanisms of action

Dos Santos, R. G., Hallak, J. E., Baker, G. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

Acute and Sustained Reductions in Loss of Meaning and Suicidal Ideation Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for Psychiatric and Existential Distress in Life-Threatening Cancer

Ross, E., Agin-Liebes, G. I., Zeifman, R. J. et al. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2021)

94 cited
Baseline power of theta oscillations predicts mystical-type experiences induced by DMT in a natural setting

Tagliazucchi, E., Zamberlan, F., Cavanna, F. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

Blinding and Expectancy Confounds in Psychedelic Randomised Controlled Trials

Muthukumaraswamy, S., Forsyth, B., Lumley, T. · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology (2021)

Dose-response relationships of psilocybin-induced subjective experiences in humans

Hirschfeld, T., Schmidt, T. T. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

Optimal dosing for psilocybin pharmacotherapy: Considering weight-adjusted and fixed dosing approaches

Garcia-Romeu, A., Barrett, F. S., Carbonaro, T. M. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

Development and Evaluation of a Therapist Training Program for Psilocybin Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Clinical Research

Nielson, E. M., Tai, S. J., Lennard-Jones, M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

75 cited
Positive expectations predict improved mental-health outcomes linked to psychedelic microdosing

Kaertner, L. S., Steinborn, M. B., Kettner, H. et al. · Scientific Reports (2021)

112 cited
Classic serotonergic psychedelics for mood and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of mood disorder patients and healthy participants

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Exploratory Controlled Study of the Migraine-Suppressing Effects of Psilocybin

Schindler, E. A. D., Sewell, R. A., Gottschalk, C. H. et al. · Neurotherapeutics (2021)

Making “bad trips” good: How users of psychedelics narratively transform challenging trips into valuable experiences

Gashi, L., Sandberg, S., Pedersen, W. · International Journal of Drug Policy (2021)

Psychedelic Medicines in Major Depression: Progress and Future Challenges

Bouso, J. C., Ona, G., Dos Santos, R. G. et al. · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (2021)

Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on reinforcement learning in humans

Kanen, J. W., Luo, Q., Kandroodi, M. R. et al. · Psychological Medicine (2020)

The History of Psychedelics in Psychiatry

Nichols, D. E., Walter, H. · Pharmacopsychiatry (2020)

The potential synergistic effects between psychedelic administration and nature contact for the improvement of mental health

Gandy, S., Forstmann, M., Carhart-Harris, R. L. et al. · Health Psychology Open (2020)

The Effects of Daytime Psilocybin Administration on Sleep: Implications for Antidepressant Action

Dudysová, D., Janků, K., Šmotek, M. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2020)

25 cited
Ketamine and Serotonergic Psychedelics: Common Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants

Kadriu, B., Greenwald, M., Ba et al. · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of anxiety and other psychological distress related to life-threatening illnesses: a randomized pilot study

Wolfson, P. E., Andries, J., Feduccia, A. A. et al. · Scientific Reports (2020)

99 cited
Therapeutic effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics: A systematic review of modern-era clinical studies

Andersen, K. A. A., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Nutt, D. J. et al. · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (2020)

Acute subjective effects in LSD- and MDMA-assisted psychotherapy

Schmid, Y., Gasser, P., Oehen, P. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2020)

72 cited
Psilocybin-assisted group therapy for demoralized older long-term AIDS survivor men: An open-label safety and feasibility pilot study

Anderson, B. T., Danforth, A. L., Daroff, R. et al. · EClinicalMedicine (2020)

212 cited
The Emerging Role of Psilocybin and MDMA in the Treatment of Mental Illness

Gill, H., Gill, B., Chen-Li, D. et al. · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics (2020)

Efficacy of Psychoactive Drugs for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of MDMA, Ketamine, LSD and Psilocybin

Varker, T., Watson, L., Gibson, K. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2020)

Psychedelic drugs: neurobiology and potential for treatment of psychiatric disorders

Vollenweider, F. X., Preller, K. H. · Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2020)

Psilocybin as a New Approach to Treat Depression and Anxiety in the Context of Life-Threatening Diseases-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Vargas, A. S., Luís, Â., Barroso, M. et al. · Biomedicines (2020)

Psychedelic Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Patient Experiences in Qualitative Studies

Breeksema, J. J., Niemeijer, A. R., Krediet, E. et al. · CNS Drugs (2020)

Psychedelics and virtual reality: parallels and applications

Aday, J. S., Davoli, C. C., Bloesch, E. K. · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology (2020)

Post-Psychedelic Reductions in Experiential Avoidance Are Associated With Decreases in Depression Severity and Suicidal Ideation

Zeifman, R. J., Wagner, A. C., Watts, R. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020)

82 cited
Historic psychedelic drug trials and the treatment of anxiety disorders

Weston, N. M., Gibbs, D., Bird, C. I. V. et al. · Depression and Anxiety (2020)

Direct Phosphorylation of Psilocin Enables Optimized cGMP Kilogram-Scale Manufacture of Psilocybin

Kargbo, R. B., Sherwood, A. R., Walker, A. et al. · ACS Omega (2020)

28 cited
Psilocybin induces time-dependent changes in global functional connectivity: Psi-induced changes in brain connectivity

Preller, K. H., Burt, J. B., Adkinson, B. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2020)

Mystical Experiences in Retrospective Reports of First Times Using a Psychedelic in Finland

Kangaslampi, S., Hausen, A., Rauteenmaa, T. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2020)

Long-term Follow-Up Outcomes of MDMA-assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment of PTSD: A Longitudinal Pooled Analysis of Six Phase 2 Trials

Jerome, L., Feduccia, A. A., Wang, J. B. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2020)

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A potential role for psilocybin in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Jacobs, E. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2020)

Integrating psychotherapy and psychopharmacology: psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy and other combined treatments

Greenway, K. T., Garel, N., Jerome, L. et al. · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology (2020)

Compassionate use of psychedelics

Greif, A., Šurkala, M. · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy (2020)

Me, myself, bye: regional alterations in glutamate and the experience of ego dissolution with psilocybin

Mason, N. L., Kuypers, K. P. C., Reckweg, J. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

Psilocybin: from ancient magic to modern medicine

Nichols, D. E. · Journal of Antibiotics (2020)

Psychedelic treatment of functional neurological disorder: a systematic review

Butler, M., Seynaeve, M., Nicholson, T. R. et al. · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology (2020)

Chronic pain and psychedelics: a review and proposed mechanism of action

Castellanos, J. P., Woolley, C., Bruno, K. A. et al. · Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (2020)

101 cited
Correlation between the potency of hallucinogens in the mouse head-twitch response assay and their behavioral and subjective effects in other species

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210 cited
Subacute Effects of the Psychedelic Ayahuasca on the Salience and Default Mode Networks

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A review of emerging therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses

Chi, T., Gold, J. A. · Journal of the Neurological Sciences (2020)

73 cited
A single psilocybin dose is associated with long-term increased mindfulness, preceded by a proportional change in neocortical 5-HT2A receptor binding

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Experience of Music Used With Psychedelic Therapy: A Rapid Review and Implications

O'callaghan, C., Hubik, D. J., Psychiatry, M. et al. · Journal of Music Therapy (2020)

Long-term effects of psychedelic drugs: A systematic review

Aday, J. S., Mitzkovitz, C. M., Bloesch, E. K. et al. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2020)

Reviewing the potential of psychedelics for the treatment of PTSD

Krediet, E., Bostoen, T., Breeksema, J. J. et al. · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

Tripping on nothing: placebo psychedelics and contextual factors

Olson, J. A., Suissa-Rocheleau, L., Lifshitz, M. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2020)

Microdosing psychedelics: Demographics, practices, and psychiatric comorbidities.

Rosenbaum, D., Weissman, C. R., Anderson, T. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2020)

55 cited
Psychedelics and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy

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Learning to Let Go: A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of How Psychedelic Therapy Promotes Acceptance

Wolff, M., Evens, R., Mertens, L. J. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020)

The experimental effects of psilocybin on symptoms of anxiety and depression: A meta-analysis

Goldberg, S. B., Pace, B. T., Nicholas, C. R. et al. · Psychiatry Research (2020)

Persisting Reductions in Cannabis, Opioid, and Stimulant Misuse After Naturalistic Psychedelic Use: An Online Survey

Garcia-Romeu, A., Davis, A. K., Griffiths, R. R. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020)

121 cited
Therapeutic Use of LSD in Psychiatry: A Systematic Review of Randomized-Controlled Clinical Trials

Fuentes, J. J., Fonseca, F., Elices, M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020)

Therapeutic mechanisms of psilocybin: Changes in amygdala and prefrontal functional connectivity during emotional processing after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression

Mertens, L. J., Wall, M. B., Roseman, L. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2020)

155 cited
Ayahuasca’s ‘afterglow’: improved mindfulness and cognitive flexibility in ayahuasca drinkers.

Murphy-Beiner, A., Soar, K. · Psychopharmacology (2020)

99 cited
Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for psychiatric and existential distress in patients with life-threatening cancer

Agin-Liebes, G. I., Malone, T., Yalch, M. M. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2020)

292 cited
Classic psychedelics as therapeutics for psychiatric disorders

Nichols, C. D., Hendricks, P. S. · Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience (2020)

Therapeutic use of serotoninergic hallucinogens: A review of the evidence and of the biological and psychological mechanisms

Dos Santos, R. G., Hallak, J. E. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2020)

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of low dose lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy older volunteers

Family, N., Maillet, E. L., Williams, L. T. J. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2019)

In vivo production of psilocybin in E. coli

Adams, A. M., Kaplan, N. A., Wei, Z. et al. · Metabolic Engineering (2019)

Dynamical exploration of the repertoire of brain networks at rest is modulated by psilocybin

Lord, L. D., Expert, P., Atasoy, S. et al. · NeuroImage (2019)

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Toward a contextual psychedelic-assisted therapy: Perspectives from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and contextual behavioral science

Luoma, J. B., Sabucedo, P., Eriksson, J. et al. · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (2019)

REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Friston, K. J. · Pharmacological Reviews (2019)

Replication and extension of a model predicting response to psilocybin

Russ, S. L., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Maruyama, G. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2019)

55 cited
Effects of acute and repeated treatment with serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens on intracranial self-stimulation in rats

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41 cited
Psychedelic drugs-a new era in psychiatry?

Nutt, D. J. · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (2019)

Cessation and reduction in alcohol consumption and misuse after psychedelic use

Garcia-Romeu, A., Davis, A. K., Fire Erowid et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2019)

211 cited
Classic psychedelics: An integrative review of epidemiology, therapeutics, mystical experience, and brain network function

Johnson, M. W., Hendricks, P. S., Barrett, F. S. et al. · Pharmacology and Therapeutics (2019)

Neurochemical models of near-death experiences: A large-scale study based on the semantic similarity of written reports

Martial, C., Cassol, H., Charland-Verville, V, Erowid, E. et al. · Consciousness and Cognition (2019)

States and traits related to the quality and consequences of psychedelic experiences

Russ, S. L., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Maruyama, G. et al. · Psychology of Consciousness Theory Research and Practice (2019)

Sub-Acute Effects of Psilocybin on Empathy, Creative Thinking, and Subjective Well-Being

Mason, N. L., Mischler, E., Uthaug, M. V. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2019)

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Trait Openness and serotonin 2A receptors in healthy volunteers: A positron emission tomography study

Stenbæk, D. S., Kristiansen, S., Burmester, D. et al. · Human Brain Mapping (2019)

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How do psychedelics work?

Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Current Opinion in Psychiatry (2019)

Psychiatry might need some psychedelic therapy

Johnson, M. W. · International Review of Psychiatry (2018)

The influence of therapists’ first-hand experience with psychedelics on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy research and therapist training

Nielson, E. M., Guss, J. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2018)

Current perspectives on psychedelic therapy: use of serotonergic hallucinogens in clinical interventions

Richards, W. A., Garcia-Romeu, A. · International Review of Psychiatry (2018)

Increased amygdala responses to emotional faces after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression

Roseman, L., Demetriou, L., Wall, M. B. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2018)

Exploring the effect of microdosing psychedelics on creativity in an open-label natural setting

Prochazkova, L., Lippelt, D. P., Colzato, L. S. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2018)

More realistic forecasting of future life events after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression

Lyons, T., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Frontiers in Psychology (2018)

49 cited
Awe: a putative mechanism underlying the effects of classic psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy

Hendricks, P. S. · International Review of Psychiatry (2018)

143 cited
Psychedelics and music: neuroscience and therapeutic implications

Barrett, F. S., Preller, K. H., Kaelen, M. · International Review of Psychiatry (2018)

Psilocin and ketamine microdosing: effects of subchronic intermittent microdoses in the elevated plus-maze in male Wistar rats

Horsley, R. R., Páleníček, T., Kolin, J. et al. · Behavioural Pharmacology (2018)

Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: a systematic review of systematic reviews

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191 cited
DMT models the near-death experience

Timmermann, C., Roseman, L., Williams, L. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2018)

Therapeutic use of classic psychedelics to treat cancer-related psychiatric distress

Ross, S. · International Review of Psychiatry (2018)

N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an Endogenous Hallucinogen: Past, Present, and Future Research to Determine Its Role and Function

Barker, S. · Frontiers in Neuroscience (2018)

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research and Development

Schenberg, E. E. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Positive psychology in the investigation of psychedelics and entactogens: A critical review

Jungaberle, H., Thal, S., Zeuch, A. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2018)

High dose psilocybin is associated with positive subjective effects in healthy volunteers

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61 cited
Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Palhano-Fontes, F., Barreto, D., Onias, H. et al. · Psychological Medicine (2018)

Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity

Ly, C., Greb, A. C., Cameron, L. P. et al. · Cell Reports (2018)

The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act

Johnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R., Hendricks, P. S. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2018)

A Survey of American Psychiatrists’ Attitudes Toward Classic Hallucinogens

Barnett, B. S., Siu, W. O., Pope Jr, H. G. · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (2018)

Mental health of a self-selected sample of psychedelic users and self-medication practices with psychedelics

Mason, N. L., Kuypers, K. P. C. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2018)

Psychedelic use and intimate partner violence

Walsh, Z., Bird, B. M., Lafrance, A. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2018)

Individual Experiences in Four Cancer Patients Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy

Ross, S., Malone, T. C., Mennenga, S. E. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Ceremonial ‘Plant Medicine’ use and its relationship to recreational drug use: an exploratory study

Dorsen, C., Palamar, J., Shedlin, M. G. · Addiction Research and Theory (2018)

21 cited
Unifying theories of psychedelic drug effects

Swanson, L. R. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Employing Synergistic Interactions of Virtual Reality and Psychedelics in Neuropsychopharmacology

Moroz, M., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · IEEE Explore (2018)

6 cited
Neuroendocrine Associations Underlying the Persistent Therapeutic Effects of Classic Serotonergic Psychedelics

Schindler, E. A. D., Wallace, R. M., Sloshower, J. A. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Psychedelics: Where we are now, why we got here, what we must do

Belouin, S. J., Henningfield, J. E. · Neuropharmacology (2018)

Powerful substances in tiny amounts An interview study of psychedelic microdosing

Johnstad, P. G. · Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (2018)

121 cited
Serotonergic hallucinogens in the treatment of anxiety and depression in patients suffering from a life-threatening disease: A systematic review

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The hidden therapist: evidence for a central role of music in psychedelic therapy

Kaelen, M., Giribaldi, B., Raine, J. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2018)

213 cited
Increased nature relatedness and decreased authoritarian political views after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression

Lyons, T., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2018)

Implications for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: functional magnetic resonance imaging study with psilocybin

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Leech, R., Williams, T. M. et al. · British Journal of Psychiatry (2018)

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Psychiatry & the psychedelic drugs. Past, present & future

Rucker, J., Iliff, J., Nutt, D. J. · Neuropharmacology (2017)

Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Bolstridge, &. M., Day, C. M. J. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2017)

Psilocybin with psychological support improves emotional face recognition in treatment-resistant depression

Stroud, J., Freeman, T. P., Leech, R. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2017)

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Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Roseman, L., Bolstridge, M. et al. · Scientific Reports (2017)

Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors

Griffiths, R. R., Johnson, M. W., Richards, W. A. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2017)

393 cited
Neuroticism is associated with challenging experiences with psilocybin mushrooms

Barrett, F. S., Johnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R. · Personality and Individual Differences (2017)

78 cited
Two dose investigation of the 5-HT-agonist psilocybin on relative and global cerebral blood flow

Lewis, C. R., Preller, K. H., Kraehenmann, R. et al. · NeuroImage (2017)

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Psychedelic Drugs in Biomedicine

Kyzar, E. J., Nichols, C. D., Gainetdinov, R. R. et al. · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (2017)

Does psychedelic drug use reduce risk of suicidality? Evidence from a longitudinal community-based cohort of marginalised women in a Canadian setting

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Increased thalamic resting state connectivity as a core driver of LSD-induced hallucinations

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Psychedelic pleasures: An affective understanding of the joys of tripping

Bøhling, F. · International Journal of Drug Policy (2017)

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Qualitative and quantitative features of music reported to support peak mystical experiences during psychedelic therapy sessions

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Developing Guidelines and Competencies for the Training of Psychedelic Therapists

Phelps, J. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2017)

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Patients’ accounts of increased “Connectedness” and “Acceptance” after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression

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Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin

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Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy: A Review of a Novel Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders

Thomas, K., Malcolm, B., Lastra, D. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2017)

Patient Experiences of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

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164 cited
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The psychological and human brain effects of music in combination with psychedelic drugs

Kaelen, M. · Imperial College London (2017)

Pharmacokinetics of Escalating Doses of Oral Psilocybin in Healthy Adults

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The fibrinolytic system: A new target for treatment of depression with psychedelics

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Halberstadt, A. L. · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences (2017)

116 cited
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Classical hallucinogens and neuroimaging: A systematic review of human studies: hallucinogens and neuroimaging

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The Challenging Experience Questionnaire: Characterization of challenging experiences with psilocybin mushrooms

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Hartogsohn, I. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2016)

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90 cited
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190 cited
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de Veen, B. T. H., Schellekens, A., Verheij, M. M. et al. · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics (2016)

Clinical Applications of Hallucinogens: A Review

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Receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive tryptamines compared with classic hallucinogens

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Bouso, J. C., Pedrero-Pérez, E. J., Gandy, S. · Human Psychopharmacology (2016)

42 cited
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28 cited
A Model for the Application of Target-Controlled Intravenous Infusion for a Prolonged Immersive DMT Psychedelic Experience

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29 cited
Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study

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LSD acutely impairs fear recognition and enhances emotional empathy and sociality

Dolder, P. C., Schmid, Y., Müller, F. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2016)

LSD-induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change

Lebedev, A. V., Kaelen, M., L€ Ovd En, M. et al. · Human Brain Mapping (2016)

292 cited
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Grob, C. S., Mithoefer, M. C., Brewerton, T. D. · Lancet Psychiatry (2016)

Modulatory effect of the 5-HT1A agonist buspirone and the mixed non-hallucinogenic 5-HT1A/2A agonist ergotamine on psilocybin-induced psychedelic experience

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103 cited
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Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): a systematic review of clinical trials published in the last 25 years

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Kometer, M., Vollenweider, F. X. · Behavioral Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs (2016)

Receptor interaction profiles of novel N-2-methoxybenzyl (NBOMe) derivatives of 2,5-dimethoxy-substituted phenethylamines (2C drugs)

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Indoleamine Hallucinogens in Cluster Headache: Results of the Clusterbusters Medication Use Survey

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Psilocybin-induced decrease in amygdala reactivity correlates with enhanced positive mood in healthy volunteers

Kraehenmann, R., Preller, K. H., Scheidegger, M. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2015)

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84 cited
LSD enhances the emotional response to music

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Psilocybin-induced spiritual experiences and insightfulness are associated with synchronization of neuronal oscillations

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Psychedelics and Creativity: a Review of the Quantitative Literature

Baggot, M. J. · Preprints (2015)

Serotonergic psychedelics temporarily modify information transfer in humans

Alonso, J. N., Romero, S., Mañanas, M. A. et al. · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2015)

Long-term use of psychedelic drugs is associated with differences in brain structure and personality in humans

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Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences in the treatment of tobacco addiction

Garcia-Romeu, A., Griffiths, R. R., Johnson, M. W. · Current Drug Abuse Reviews (2015)

Peak experiences and the afterglow phenomenon: when and how do therapeutic effects of hallucinogens depend on psychedelic experiences

Majic, T., Schmidt, T. T., Gallinat, J. · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (2015)

A qualitative report on the subjective experience of intravenous psilocybin administered in an FMRI environment

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Kirchner, K. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2014)

389 cited
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Safety and efficacy of lysergic acid diethylamide-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases

Gasser, P., Holstein, D., Michel, Y. et al. · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (2014)

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Repeated lysergic acid diethylamide in an animal model of depression: Normalisation of learning behaviour and hippocampal serotonin 5-HT2 signalling

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Classical hallucinogens as antidepressants? A review of pharmacodynamics and putative clinical roles

Tracy, D., Baumeister, D., Barnes, G. et al. · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology (2014)

Self-Experimentations with Psychedelics Among Mental Health Professionals: LSD in the Former Czechoslovakia

Winkler, P., Csémy, L. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2014)

The Heffter Research Institute: Past and Hopeful Future

Nichols, D. E. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2014)

16 cited
The entropic brain: a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs

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Hallucinogen use predicts reduced recidivism among substance-involved offenders under community corrections supervision

Hendricks, P. S., Clark, B., Johnson, M. W. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2014)

89 cited
Psilocybin - Summary of knowledge and new perspectives

Tylš, F., Páleníček, T., Horacek, J. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2013)

Broadband Cortical Desynchronization Underlies the Human Psychedelic State

Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Moran, R. J. et al. · Journal of Neuroscience (2013)

427 cited
Experienced drug users assess the relative harms and benefits of drugs: a web-based survey

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Carhart-Harris, R. L., Brugger, S., Nutt, D. J. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2013)

Effects of Schedule I drug laws on neuroscience research and treatment innovation

King, C., Nichols, D. E. · Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2013)

Studying the Effects of Classic Hallucinogens in the Treatment of Alcoholism: Rationale, Methodology, and Current Research with Psilocybin

Bogenschutz, M. P. · Current Drug Abuse Reviews (2013)

Use of the Classic Hallucinogen Psilocybin for Treatment of Existential Distress Associated with Cancer

Grob, C. S., Bossis, A. P., Griffiths, R. R. · Preprints (2013)

Psilocybin biases facial recognition, goal-directed behavior, and mood state toward positive relative to negative emotions through different serotonergic subreceptors

Kometer, M., Schmidt, A., Bachmann, R. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2012)

The NMDA antagonist ketamine and the 5-HT agonist psilocybin produce dissociable effects on structural encoding of emotional face expressions

Schmidt, A., Kometer, M., Bachmann, R. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2012)

Therapeutic mechanisms of classic hallucinogens in the treatment of addictions: from indirect evidence to testable hypotheses

Bogenschutz, M. P., Pommy, J. A. · Drug Testing and Analysis (2012)

Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Erritzoe, D., Williams, T. et al. · PNAS (2012)

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcoholism: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Krebs, T. S., Johansen, P. Ø. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2012)

Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness

Maclean, K. A., Johnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2011)

Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects

Griffiths, R. R., Johnson, M. W., Richards, W. A. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2011)

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