Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up
This open-label study (n=20) expands on earlier work by Carhart-Harris and colleagues on the use of psilocybin-assisted therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD).
Authors
- James Rucker
- Robin Carhart-Harris
- David Nutt
Published
Abstract
Rationale
Recent clinical trials are reporting marked improvements in mental health outcomes with psychedelic drug-assisted psychotherapy.
Objectives
Here, we report on safety and efficacy outcomes for up to 6 months in an open-label trial of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.
Methods
Twenty patients (six females) with (mostly) severe, unipolar, treatment-resistant major depression received two oral doses of psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, 7 days apart) in a supportive setting. Depressive symptoms were assessed from 1 week to 6 months post-treatment, with the self-rated QIDS-SR16 as the primary outcome measure.
Results
Treatment was generally well tolerated. Relative to baseline, marked reductions in depressive symptoms were observed for the first 5 weeks post-treatment (Cohen’s d = 2.2 at week 1 and 2.3 at week 5, both p < 0.001); nine and four patients met the criteria for response and remission at week 5. Results remained positive at 3 and 6 months (Cohen’s d = 1.5 and 1.4, respectively, both p < 0.001). No patients sought conventional antidepressant treatment within 5 weeks of psilocybin. Reductions in depressive symptoms at 5 weeks were predicted by the quality of the acute psychedelic experience.
Conclusions
Although limited conclusions can be drawn about treatment efficacy from open-label trials, tolerability was good, effect sizes large and symptom improvements appeared rapidly after just two psilocybin treatment sessions and remained significant 6 months post-treatment in a treatment-resistant cohort. Psilocybin represents a promising paradigm for unresponsive depression that warrants further research in double-blind randomised control trials.
Research Summary of 'Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up'
Introduction
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring serotonergic psychedelic, has been investigated for a range of psychiatric indications and prior trials have reported improvements in depressive symptoms following psilocybin‑assisted psychotherapy. Previous work has also suggested therapeutic potential for other serotonergic psychedelics in conditions such as obsessive–compulsive disorder, addiction and anxiety related to terminal illness, and mechanistic interest centres on 5‑HT2A receptor agonism. Earlier clinical and historical studies, as well as laboratory findings, indicate both promise and complexity in how 5‑HT2A signalling relates to antidepressant effects. Carhart‑Harris and colleagues present an extension of their earlier pilot study in treatment‑resistant depression, increasing the sample from 12 to 20 patients and lengthening follow‑up from 3 to 6 months. The paper reports safety and efficacy outcomes from an open‑label feasibility trial in which two oral psilocybin doses were administered with structured psychological support; the main aim was to assess symptom change over time, tolerability and relationships between acute subjective experiences and longer‑term clinical outcomes.
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Study Details
- Study Typeindividual
- Journal
- Compound
- Topics
- Authors
- APA Citation
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Bolstridge, M., Day, C. M. J., Rucker, J., Watts, R., Erritzoe, D. E., Kaelen, M., Giribaldi, B., Bloomfield, M., Pilling, S., Rickard, J. A., Forbes, B., Feilding, A., Taylor, D., Curran, H. V., & Nutt, D. J. (2018). Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up. Psychopharmacology, 235(2), 399-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4771-x
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