Trial PaperAnxiety DisordersAlcohol Use Disorder (AUD)Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)Tobacco/Nicotine Use Disorder (TUD)Substance Use Disorders (SUD)Palliative & End-of-Life DistressHealthy VolunteersPersonality & Trait FactorsDepressive DisordersPsilocybin

Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences in the treatment of tobacco addiction

This follow-up study (n=15) to an open-label pilot-study of psilocybin-facilitated smoking addiction treatment found that the mystical experience (MEQ) but not the intensity of the experience was predictive of smoking abstinence (80% at 6-month follow-up).

Authors

  • Albert Garcia-Romeu
  • Roland Griffiths
  • Matthew Johnson

Published

Current Drug Abuse Reviews
individual Study

Abstract

Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences have been linked to persisting effects in healthy volunteers including positive changes in behavior, attitudes, and values, and increases in the personality domain of openness. In an open-label pilot-study of psilocybin-facilitated smoking addiction treatment, 15 smokers received 2 or 3 doses of psilocybin in the context of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for smoking cessation. Twelve of 15 participants (80%) demonstrated biologically verified smoking abstinence at 6-month follow-up. Participants who were abstinent at 6 months (n=12) were compared to participants still smoking at 6 months (n=3) on measures of subjective effects of psilocybin. Abstainers scored significantly higher on a measure of psilocybin-occasioned mystical experience. No significant differences in general intensity of drug effects were found between groups, suggesting that mystical-type subjective effects, rather than overall intensity of drug effects, were responsible for smoking cessation. Nine of 15 participants (60%) met criteria for “complete” mystical experience. Smoking cessation outcomes were significantly correlated with measures of mystical experience on session days, as well as retrospective ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance of psilocybin sessions. These results suggest a mediating role of mystical experience in psychedelic-facilitated addiction treatment.

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Research Summary of 'Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences in the treatment of tobacco addiction'

Introduction

From the 1950s to the early 1970s, research into 5-HT2A receptor agonist psychedelics (classic hallucinogens) explored their potential as treatments for addiction, with mixed results attributed in part to methodological variability. Earlier clinical work with LSD suggested possible therapeutic effects for alcoholism and opioid dependence, and pioneering investigators emphasised the subjective, often spiritual or mystical, character of psychedelic experiences as potentially important to outcomes. After decades of limited human research, renewed studies with psilocybin have shown it can elicit highly meaningful and spiritually significant experiences in healthy volunteers and, when administered in controlled clinical settings, may have therapeutic potential for conditions such as end-of-life anxiety and substance use disorders including tobacco dependence. Garcia-Romeu and colleagues present a secondary analysis of data from their open-label pilot study of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation. The paper aims to characterise the mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin in this clinical sample and to examine whether those subjective experiences—measured acutely and retrospectively—are associated with smoking cessation outcomes at 6-month follow-up. The analysis probes potential psychological mechanisms that might mediate treatment effects in psychedelic-assisted addiction therapy.

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Study Details

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Qualitative and quantitative features of music reported to support peak mystical experiences during psychedelic therapy sessions

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Classical hallucinogens and neuroimaging: A systematic review of human studies: hallucinogens and neuroimaging

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Development of a Psychotherapeutic Model for Psilocybin-Assisted Treatment of Alcoholism

Bogenschutz, M. P., Forcehimes, A. A. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2016)

The Associations of Naturalistic Classic Psychedelic Use, Mystical Experience, and Creative Problem Solving

Sweat, N. W., Bates, L. W., Hendricks, P. S. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2016)

Clinical Applications of Hallucinogens: A Review

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174 cited
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42 cited
Treating Addiction: Perspectives from EEG and Imaging Studies on Psychedelics

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80 cited
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Serotonergic Hallucinogen-Induced Visual Perceptual Alterations

Kometer, M., Vollenweider, F. X. · Behavioral Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs (2016)

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Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences in the... — Research Summary & Context | Blossom