Trial PaperSet & Setting

The peak experience variable in DPT-assisted psychotherapy with cancer patients

This study (1977; n = 34) found that peak experiences may be an important factor in determining the efficacy of DPT-assisted psychotherapy for cancer patients.

Authors

  • William Richards

Published

Journal of Psychedelic Drugs
individual Study

Abstract

From the conclusion of the paper:In conclusion, it may be observed that peak experiences may constitute an intrinsic element of effective psycho therapy for some persons. The explicit causative role of such unique experiences in contributing to psychotherapy in general still constitutes an intriguing research question; the correlation of such experiences with rapid therapeutic progress in the course of short-term psychotherapy with cancer patients, however, is indicated by this study. Clinical impressions would suggest that, when a peak experience does occur, its continuing relevance for daily living may be strongly dependent on the degree to which the associated insights are assimilated or transferred into the everyday self-concept and world view of the patient.

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Research Summary of 'The peak experience variable in DPT-assisted psychotherapy with cancer patients'

Introduction

Peak experiences—profound, memorable alterations of consciousness often described as involving unity, transcendence of time and space, and intense positive affect—have long intrigued philosophers and clinicians but their role in psychotherapy remains poorly characterised. Earlier research was largely theoretical or anecdotal; the discovery of LSD and related psychedelics provided tools that, when combined with attention to non‑pharmacological variables (set and setting), permit relatively reliable evocation of altered states in research contexts. The authors frame the peak experience in the specific, Maslow/Pahnke‑influenced sense of a unitive, ego‑transcendent state and note that its actual contribution to therapeutic change is not well established. This study therefore set out to examine two related questions: whether the occurrence of a peak experience during DPT‑assisted psychotherapy (referred to as DPT or OPT in the extracted text) is associated with greater short‑term therapeutic benefit for cancer patients, and which baseline or procedural factors predict the likelihood of experiencing a peak state. Chards and colleagues aimed to operationalise peak experience using established instruments and to compare clinical and observer‑rated outcomes between patients who did and did not report such experiences during a single DPT session embedded in a short‑term therapy programme.

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Study Details

  • Study Type
    individual
  • Journal
  • Topic
  • Author
  • APA Citation

    Richards, W. A., Rhead, J. C., Dileo, F. B., Yensen, R., & Kurland, A. A. (1977). The peak experience variable in DPT-assisted psychotherapy with cancer patients. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, 9(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1977.10472020

Related Clinical Trial

Completed

Spring Grove / Maryland Psychiatric Research Center LSD-Assisted Psychotherapy Program for Terminal Cancer (Pahnke, Grof, Richards, Kurland ~1965–1972)

Uncontrolled open pilot clinical series of LSD- and DPT-assisted psychotherapy for terminal cancer patients conducted at Spring Grove State Hospital and the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore MD (~1965–1972; key investigators: Walter Pahnke, Stanislav Grof, William Richards, Albert Kurland). Total n~60 terminal cancer patients by July 1972 (P1 reports n=31 in earlier series; P2/P5 overlap with later cohort). Participants: referred for significant pain, depression, tension, anxiety or psychological isolation; estimated life expectancy ≥3 months. Sessions: single supervised psychedelic session (LSD 200–500 mcg IM, modal 300 mcg; or DPT 60–105 mg parenterally for shorter effect), with male-female therapist dyad, eyeshades, headphones, classical music, family involvement at termination. Preparatory psychotherapy ~6–12 h; integration psychotherapy beginning day after session. Outcome: Pahnke-Richards 7-domain observer rating (depression, isolation, fear of death, pain, etc. −6 to +6) by therapists, nurses, physicians, family; narcotic scale for analgesic use. Repeated sessions permitted if peak experience not achieved or symptoms recurred. No control arm; no registration (pre-registration era). Multiple publications report overlapping cohorts: Pahnke WN (1972, book chapter); Grof S et al. (Int Pharmacopsychiatry 1973, PMID 4140164); Kurland AA (J Psychoactive Drugs 1985, PMID 2418186).

Started
Type
interventional
Randomized
No
Registry ID
SPRING-GROVE-1965-1972-LSD-DPT-TERMINAL-CANCER-PROGRAM

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