Trial PaperAnxiety DisordersPalliative & End-of-Life DistressSet & SettingDepressive DisordersLSD

LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease: a qualitative study of acute and sustained subjective effects

In a 12‑month follow‑up of patients with anxiety related to life‑threatening disease, medically supervised LSD‑assisted psychotherapy produced sustained reductions in anxiety and improved quality of life with no lasting adverse reactions. Qualitative analysis suggests these benefits arose from facilitated emotional access, cathartic and peak experiences, interpersonal insights and a lasting restructuring of outlook and habits.

Authors

  • Kirchner, K.

Published

Journal of Psychopharmacology
individual Study

Abstract

Objective

A recently published study showed the safety and efficacy of LSD-assisted psychotherapy in patients with anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases. Participants of this study were included in a prospective follow-up.

Method

12 months after finishing LSD psychotherapy, 10 participants were tested for anxiety (STAI) and participated in a semi-structured interview. A Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) was carried out on the interviews to elaborate about LSD effects and lasting psychological changes.

Results

None of the participants reported lasting adverse reactions. The significant benefits as measured with the STAI were sustained over a 12-month period. In the QCA participants consistently reported insightful, cathartic and interpersonal experiences, accompanied by a reduction in anxiety (77.8%) and a rise in quality of life (66.7%). Evaluations of subjective experiences suggest facilitated access to emotions, confrontation of previously unknown anxieties, worries, resources and intense emotional peak experiences à la Maslow as major psychological working mechanisms. The experiences created led to a restructuring of the person’s emotional trust, situational understanding, habits and world view.

Conclusions

LSD administered in a medically supervised psychotherapeutic setting can be safe and generate lasting benefits in patients with a life-threatening disease. Explanatory models for the therapeutic effects of LSD warrant further study.

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Research Summary of 'LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease: a qualitative study of acute and sustained subjective effects'

Introduction

Gasser and colleagues place this study in the context of a long history of using mind-altering substances for healing and existential concerns, noting that LSD was widely studied after its discovery in 1943 for conditions including anxiety and end‑of‑life distress. The introduction summarises prior reports that LSD can intensify affectivity, broaden associations and weaken ego boundaries, and highlights a contemporary clinical gap: psychological care for patients facing life‑threatening illness remains inadequate and alternative approaches warrant evaluation. This paper reports a long‑term follow‑up (LTFU) of patients who took part in a Phase II, double‑blind, active placebo‑controlled randomized trial of LSD‑assisted psychotherapy for anxiety related to life‑threatening disease. The stated aim here is twofold: to assess whether reductions in anxiety observed in the original trial were sustained at 12 months, and to explore participants’ subjective acute and lasting experiences using semi‑structured qualitative interviews analysed by Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA). The investigators thereby combine quantitative anxiety measures with a detailed, client‑centred qualitative exploration of psychological change and potential therapeutic mechanisms.

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Study Details

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Neuroendocrine Associations Underlying the Persistent Therapeutic Effects of Classic Serotonergic Psychedelics

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Serotonergic hallucinogens in the treatment of anxiety and depression in patients suffering from a life-threatening disease: A systematic review

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Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression

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Psychiatry & the psychedelic drugs. Past, present & future

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LSD Increases Primary Process Thinking via Serotonin 2A Receptor Activation

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Increased thalamic resting state connectivity as a core driver of LSD-induced hallucinations

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Long-lasting subjective effects of LSD in normal subjects

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Psychedelic pleasures: An affective understanding of the joys of tripping

Bøhling, F. · International Journal of Drug Policy (2017)

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Dreams and psychedelics: neurophenomenological comparison and therapeutic implications

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68 cited
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130 cited
Patient Experiences of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

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Acute effects of LSD on amygdala activity during processing of fearful stimuli in healthy subjects

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The psychological and human brain effects of music in combination with psychedelic drugs

Kaelen, M. · Imperial College London (2017)

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lysergic acid diethylamide in healthy subjects

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The association of psychedelic use and opioid use disorders among illicit users in the United States

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Crystal Structure of an LSD-Bound Human Serotonin Receptor

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The Effects of Hallucinogens on Gene Expression

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Phenomenology, Structure, and Dynamic of Psychedelic States

Preller, K. H., Vollenweider, F. X. · Behavioral Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs (2016)

Classical hallucinogens and neuroimaging: A systematic review of human studies: hallucinogens and neuroimaging

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Psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar mood disorders: a systematic review

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Set and setting, psychedelics and the placebo response: An extra-pharmacological perspective on psychopharmacology

Hartogsohn, I. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2016)

Psychedelics as Medicines: An Emerging New Paradigm

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Alterations of consciousness and mystical-type experiences after acute LSD in humans

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190 cited
Ayahuasca: pharmacology, neuroscience and therapeutic potential

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LSD-induced entropic brain activity predicts subsequent personality change

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292 cited
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103 cited
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248 cited
Antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of ayahuasca: a systematic literature review of animal and human studies

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130 cited
New World Tryptamine Hallucinogens and the Neuroscience of Ayahuasca

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Serotonergic Hallucinogen-Induced Visual Perceptual Alterations

Kometer, M., Vollenweider, F. X. · Behavioral Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs (2016)

Psychedelic medicine: a re-emerging therapeutic paradigm

Tupper, K. W., Wood, E., Yensen, R. et al. · Canadian Medical Association Journal (2015)

LSD enhances the emotional response to music

Kaelen, M., Barrett, F. S., Roseman, L. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2015)

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