Neuroimaging & Brain MeasuresHealthy VolunteersLSD

Spatial correspondence of LSD-induced variations of brain functioning at rest with serotonin receptor expression

This analysis of resting-state fMRI (n=15) of LSD (75μg) effects on the brain finds modifications in serotonin receptor-rich areas. The local signal amplitude and functional connectivity (FC) increased in the default mode network (DMN) and attention networks (rich in serotonin 2a receptors). A decrease was seen in limbic areas (with many serotonin 1a receptors).

Authors

  • Robin Carhart-Harris
  • David Nutt
  • Christopher Timmermann

Published

Biological Psychiatry
individual Study

Abstract

Background

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is an atypical psychedelic compound exerting its effects through pleiotropic actions, mainly involving 1A/2A serotoninergic (5-HT) receptor subtypes. However, the mechanisms by which LSD promotes a reorganization of the brain's functional activity and connectivity are still partially unknown.

Methods

Our study analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data acquired from fifteen healthy volunteers undergoing LSD acute intake. A voxel-wise analysis investigated the alterations of the brain's intrinsic functional connectivity and local signal amplitude induced by LSD or by a placebo. Quantitative comparisons assessed the spatial overlap between these two indices of functional reorganization and the topography of receptor expression obtained from a publicly available collection of in-vivo, whole-brain atlases. Finally, linear regression models explored the relationships between changes in rs-fMRI and behavioral aspects of the psychedelic experience.

Results

LSD elicited modifications of the cortical functional architecture that spatially overlapped with the distribution of serotoninergic receptors. Local signal amplitude and functional connectivity increased in regions belonging to the default mode and attention networks associated with high expression of 5-HT2A receptors. These functional changes correlate with the occurrence of simple and complex visual hallucinations. At the same time, a decrease in local signal amplitude and intrinsic connectivity was observed in limbic areas, which are dense with 5-HT1A receptors.

Conclusions

This study provides new insights into the neural processes underlying the brain network reconfiguration induced by LSD. It also identifies a topographical relationship between opposite effects on brain functioning and the spatial distribution of different 5-HT receptors.

Available with Blossom Pro

Research Summary of 'Spatial correspondence of LSD-induced variations of brain functioning at rest with serotonin receptor expression'

Introduction

Delli Pizzi and colleagues situate their work within a recent resurgence of experimental research on LSD, noting that psychedelic compounds illuminate the neural bases of perception and selfhood and hold therapeutic promise for mood disorders. While partial agonism at 5-HT2A receptors is widely regarded as central to psychedelic effects, LSD is pharmacologically atypical because it also engages 5-HT1A receptors; how these pleiotropic actions map onto large-scale changes in brain function remains incompletely understood. Previous fMRI studies have reported increased between-network cortical connectivity under LSD and some voxel-wise work has suggested spatial overlap between LSD-induced connectivity changes and cortical 5-HT receptor topography, but questions remain about whether single or multiple receptor subtypes explain bidirectional connectivity effects and how local neuronal activity is affected in parallel. The present study set out to test whether voxel-wise changes in intrinsic functional connectivity and local signal amplitude induced by acute LSD map onto the cortical distribution of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. To do so, the investigators analysed resting-state fMRI from a placebo-controlled, within-subject design in healthy volunteers, computing Intrinsic Connectivity Contrast (ICC) as a whole-brain centrality metric and fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations (fALFF) as a proxy for local signal amplitude. The authors predicted both increases and decreases in connectivity that might parallel increases and decreases in local amplitude, and that these spatial patterns would correspond to receptor density maps obtained from in-vivo PET atlases; they also planned exploratory tests of relationships between rs-fMRI changes and subjective visual hallucinations.

Expert Research Summaries

Go Pro to access AI-powered section-by-section summaries, editorial takes, and the full research toolkit.

Study Details

References (20)

Papers cited by this study that are also in Blossom

Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms

Inserra, A., De Gregorio, D., Gobbi, G. · Pharmacological Reviews (2021)

Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Giribaldi, B., Watts, R. et al. · New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

927 cited
REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Friston, K. J. · Pharmacological Reviews (2019)

Receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive tryptamines compared with classic hallucinogens

Rickli, A., Moning, O. D., Hoener, M. C. et al. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2016)

Serotonin and brain function: a tale of two receptors

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Nutt, D. J. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2017)

Classic hallucinogens and mystical experiences: phenomenology and neural correlates

Barrett, F. S., Griffiths, R. R. · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences (2017)

Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Muthukumaraswamy, S., Roseman, L. et al. · PNAS (2016)

Show all 20 references
Psilocybin-induced changes in brain network integrity and segregation correlate with plasma psilocin level and psychedelic experience

Madsen, M. K., Stenbaek, D. S., Arvidsson, A. et al. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2021)

Psychedelic Resting-state Neuroimaging: A Review and Perspective on Balancing Replication and Novel Analyses

McCulloch, D. E-W., Knudsen, G. M., Barrett, F. S. et al. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2022)

Psychedelic Psychiatry’s Brave New World

Nutt, D. J., Erritzoe, D., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Cell (2020)

Receptor-informed network control theory links LSD and psilocybin to a flattening of the brain’s control energy landscape

Singleton, S. P., Luppi, A. I., Carhart-Harris, R. L. et al. · Nature Communications (2022)

Increased global functional connectivity correlates with LSD-induced ego dissolution

Tagliazucchi, E., Roseman, L., Kaelen, M. et al. · Current Biology (2016)

Phenomenology, Structure, and Dynamic of Psychedelic States

Preller, K. H., Vollenweider, F. X. · Behavioral Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs (2016)

Effective connectivity changes in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness in humans

Preller, K. H., Razi, A., Zeidman, P. et al. · PNAS (2019)

Hallucinogens recruit specific cortical 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated signaling pathways to affect behavior

Gonza ´lez-Maeso, J., Weisstaub, N. V., Zhou, M. et al. · Neuron (2007)

818 cited

Your Personal Research Library

Go Pro to save papers, add notes, rate studies, and organize your research into custom shelves.

Spatial correspondence of LSD-induced variations... — Research Summary & Context | Blossom