Trial PaperAnxiety DisordersDepressive DisordersMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD)Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD)SuicidalitySafety & Risk ManagementPsilocybin

Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression

This double-blind placebo-controlled study (n=59) compared psilocybin (2x25mg; 3 weeks apart) to escitalopram (SSRI) over a six-week period and found large improvements in depression scores for those suffering from depression (MDD) in both groups. On the main measure of depression, the QIDS-SR-16, there was no significant difference between both groups. The study did find significant differences, favoring psilocybin, on the HAM-D-17, MADRS, avoidance, flourishing, wellbeing, and suicidality.

Authors

  • Robin Carhart-Harris
  • David Nutt
  • David Erritzoe

Published

New England Journal of Medicine
individual Study

Abstract

Background

Psilocybin may have antidepressant properties, but direct comparisons between psilocybin and established treatments for depression are lacking.

Methods

In a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial involving patients with long-standing, moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder, we compared psilocybin with escitalopram, a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, over a 6-week period. Patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive two separate doses of 25 mg of psilocybin 3 weeks apart plus 6 weeks of daily placebo (psilocybin group) or two separate doses of 1 mg of psilocybin 3 weeks apart plus 6 weeks of daily oral escitalopram (escitalopram group); all the patients received psychological support. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the score on the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (QIDS-SR-16; scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater depression) at week 6. There were 16 secondary outcomes, including QIDS-SR-16 response (defined as a reduction in score of >50%) and QIDS-SR-16 remission (defined as a score of ≤5) at week 6.

Results

A total of 59 patients were enrolled; 30 were assigned to the psilocybin group and 29 to the escitalopram group. The mean scores on the QIDS-SR-16 at baseline were 14.5 in the psilocybin group and 16.4 in the escitalopram group. The mean (±SE) changes in the scores from baseline to week 6 were −8.0±1.0 points in the psilocybin group and −6.0±1.0 in the escitalopram group, for a between-group difference of 2.0 points (95% confidence interval [CI], −5.0 to 0.9) (P=0.17). A QIDS-SR-16 response occurred in 70% of the patients in the psilocybin group and in 48% of those in the escitalopram group, for a between-group difference of 22 percentage points (95% CI, −3 to 48); QIDS-SR-16 remission occurred in 57% and 28%, respectively, for a between-group difference of 28 percentage points (95% CI, 2 to 54). Other secondary outcomes generally favored psilocybin over escitalopram, but the analyses were not corrected for multiple comparisons. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the trial groups.

Conclusions

On the basis of the change in depression scores on the QIDS-SR-16 at week 6, this trial did not show a significant difference in antidepressant effects between psilocybin and escitalopram in a selected group of patients. Secondary outcomes generally favored psilocybin over escitalopram, but the analyses of these outcomes lacked correction for multiple comparisons. Larger and longer trials are required to compare psilocybin with established antidepressants.

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Research Summary of 'Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression'

Introduction

Major depressive disorder is common, impairing and costly, and selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are first-line treatments but have a delayed onset of action and incomplete efficacy in some patients. Psilocybin, the prodrug of psilocin, acts primarily as a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and has shown promise in open-label and small randomized studies for mood disorders and anxiety; prior trials have reported reductions in depressive symptoms after one or two doses in a range of populations, including treatment-resistant depression. Carhart-Harris and colleagues set out to compare psilocybin with an established antidepressant, escitalopram, in a Phase II, double-blind, randomized controlled trial among patients with long-standing, moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder. The trial aimed to test whether two dosing sessions of psilocybin plus daily placebo over 6 weeks produced greater reductions in depressive symptoms than two very low psilocybin doses plus daily escitalopram, with the primary outcome specified as change in QIDS-SR-16 score at week 6. The study also collected multiple secondary clinical and experiential outcomes and safety data to inform larger, longer trials.

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Study Details

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Szigeti, B., Weiss, B., Rosas, F. E. et al. · Psychological Medicine (2024)

Older adults in psychedelic-assisted therapy trials: A systematic review

Bouchet, L., Sager, Z., Yrondi, A. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2024)

Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamic and wellbeing effects of SPL026 (dimethyltryptamine fumarate) in healthy participants: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial

James, E., Erritzoe, D., Benway, T. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2024)

Safety pharmacology of acute psilocybin administration in healthy participants

Straumann, I., Holze, F., Becker, A. M. et al. · Neuroscience Applied (2024)

15 cited
The rapid antidepressant effectiveness of repeated dose of intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine: A post-hoc analysis of pooled real-world data

D'Andrea, G., Pettorruso, M., Di Lorenzo, G. et al. · Journal of Affective Disorders (2023)

Group psychedelic therapy: empirical estimates of cost-savings and improved access

Marseille, E., Stauffer, C., Agrawal, M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2023)

23 cited
Psilocybin for Opioid Use Disorder in Two Adults Stabilized on Buprenorphine: A Technical Report on Study Modifications and Preliminary Findings

Nicholas, C. R., Horton, D. M., Malicki, J. et al. · Psychedelic Medicine (2023)

LSD-induced changes in the functional connectivity of distinct thalamic nuclei

Pizzi, S. D., Chiacchiaretta, P., Sestieri, C. et al. · NeuroImage (2023)

Epidemiology of classic psychedelic substances: results from a Norwegian internet convenience sample

Kvam, T-M., Uthaug, M. V., Andersen, K. A. A. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2023)

17 cited
When the Trial Ends: The Case for Post-Trial Provisions in Clinical Psychedelic Research

Jacobs, E., Murphy-Beiner, A., Rouiller, I. et al. · Neuroethics (2023)

Psilocybin induces acute and persisting alterations in immune status in healthy volunteers: An experimental, placebo-controlled study

Mason, N. L., Szabo, A., Kuypers, K. P. C. et al. · Brain Behavior and Immunity - Health (2023)

Extended difficulties following the use of psychedelic drugs: A mixed methods study

Evans, J., Robinson, O., Ketzitzidou-Argyri, E. et al. · PLOS ONE (2023)

123 cited
Psychedelic use and psychiatric risks

Simonsson, O., Goldberg, S. B., Chambers, R. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2023)

Cellular rules underlying psychedelic control of prefrontal pyramidal neurons

Ekins, T. G., Brooks, I., Kailasa, S. et al. · Biorxiv (2023)

Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Haikazian, S., Chen-Li, D., Johnson, D. et al. · Psychiatry Research (2023)

Psilocybin-induced changes in cerebral blood flow are associated with acute and baseline inter-individual differences

Rieser, N. M., Gubser, L. P., Moujaes, F. et al. · Scientific Reports (2023)

9 cited
Mechanisms and molecular targets surrounding the potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics

Jaster, A. M., González-Maeso, J. · Molecular Psychiatry (2023)

Neuroimaging in psychedelic drug development: Past, present, and future

Wall, M. B., Harding, R., Zafar, R. et al. · Molecular Psychiatry (2023)

History repeating: guidelines to address common problems in psychedelic science

Van Elk, M., Fried, E. I. · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology (2023)

94 cited
Naturalistic psilocybin use is associated with persisting improvements in mental health and wellbeing: results from a prospective, longitudinal survey

Nayak, S., Jackson, H., Sepeda, N. D. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2023)

Dynamic Functional Hyperconnectivity after Psilocybin Intake is Primarily Associated with Oceanic Boundlessness

Mortaheb, S., Fort, L. D., Mason, N. L. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2023)

20 cited
Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Raison, C. L., Sanacora, G., Woolley, J. D. et al. · JAMA (2023)

375 cited
Assessing the risk of symptom worsening in psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis

Simonsson, O., Carhart-Harris, R., Davis, A. K. et al. · Psychiatry Research (2023)

Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and crime arrests

Jones, G. M., Nock, M. K. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2023)

Persons With Spinal Cord Injury Report Peripherally Dominant Serotonin-Like Syndrome After Use of Serotonergic Psychedelics

Abrams, S. K., Rabinovitch, B. S., Zafar, R. et al. · Neurotherapeutics (2023)

Psilocybin Therapy for Treatment Resistant Depression: Prediction of Clinical Outcome by Natural Language Processing

Dougherty, R. F., Clarke, P., Kuc, J. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2023)

Improvement in OCD symptoms associated with serotoninergic psychedelics: a retrospective online survey

Buot, A., Pallares, C., Oganesyan, A. et al. · Scientific Reports (2023)

22 cited
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of human studies

Pereira, L. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2023)

Psychedelic Use Among Psychiatric Medication Prescribers: Effects on Well-Being, Depression, Anxiety, and Associations with Patterns of Use, Reported Harms, and Transformative Mental States

Herrmann, Z., Levin, A. W., Cole, S. P. et al. · Psychedelic Medicine (2023)

Slouching towards engagement: interactions between people using psychedelics naturalistically and their healthcare providers

Boehnke, K. F., Cox, K., Weston, C. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2023)

How does psilocybin therapy work? An exploration of experiential avoidance as a putative mechanism of change

Zeifman, R. J., Wagner, A. C., Monson, C. M. et al. · Journal of Affective Disorders (2023)

47 cited
The Relationship Between Naturalistic Psychedelic Use and Clinical Care in Canada

Glynos, N., Kruger, D. J., Kolbman, N. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2023)

9 cited
Psilocybin therapy for females with anorexia nervosa: a phase 1, open-label feasibility study

Peck, S. K., Shao, S., Grue, T. et al. · Nature Medicine (2023)

Therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics and entactogens

Heifets, B. D., Olson, D. E. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2023)

Dark loops: contagion effects, consistency and chemosocial matrices in psychedelic-assisted therapy trials

Noorani, T. N., Bedi, G., Muthukumaraswamy, S. · Psychological Medicine (2023)

21 cited
Must Psilocybin Always “Assist Psychotherapy”?

Goodwin, G. M., Malievskaia, E., Fonzo, G. A. et al. · American Journal of Psychiatry (2023)

Navigating the chaos of psychedelic neuroimaging: A multi-metric evaluation of acute psilocybin effects on brain entropy

McCulloch, D. E-W., Olsen, A. S., Ozenne, B. et al. · MedRvix (2023)

12 cited
Increased low-frequency brain responses to music after psilocybin therapy for depression

Wall, M. B., Lam, C., Ertl, N. et al. · Journal of Affective Disorders (2023)

Spatial correspondence of LSD-induced variations of brain functioning at rest with serotonin receptor expression

Pizzi, S. D., Chiacchiaretta, P., Sestieri, C. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2023)

Impact of a Naturalistic Psychedelic Experience on Smoking: A Retrospective Survey

Romeo, B., Fauvel, B., Verroust, V. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2023)

A phase 1/2 trial to assess safety and efficacy of a vaporized 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine formulation (GH001) in patients with treatment-resistant depression

Reckweg, J., van Leeuwen, C., Theunissen, E. L. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2023)

62 cited
Interactive Effects of Ayahuasca and Cannabidiol in Social Cognition in Healthy Volunteers: A Pilot, Proof-of-Concept, Feasibility, Randomized-Controlled Trial

Rossi, G. N., Rocha, J. M., Osório, F. L. et al. · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (2023)

Learned Helplessness As a Potential Transdiagnostic Therapeutic Mechanism of Classic Psychedelics

Tiwari, P., Sayali, C., Doss, M. K. et al. · Psychedelic Medicine (2023)

Overcoming blinding confounds in psychedelic randomized controlled trials using biomarker driven causal mediation analysis

Muthukumaraswamy, S. · Psyarxiv (2023)

Psychedelics reopen the social reward learning critical period

Nardou, R., Sawyer, E., Song, Y. J. et al. · Nature (2023)

Assessment of the acute effects of 2C-B vs psilocybin on subjective experience, mood and cognition

Mallaroni, P., Mason, N. L., Reckweg, J. T. et al. · Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (2023)

39 cited
Effects of ayahuasca on gratitude and relationships with nature: An open-label, naturalistic study

Bloesch, E. K., Davis, A. K., Domoff, S. E. et al. · Psyarxiv (2023)

Psychedelics promote plasticity by directly binding to BDNF receptor TrkB

Moliner, R., Girych, M., Brunello, C. A. et al. · Nature Neuroscience (2023)

Cost-effectiveness of psilocybin-assisted therapy for severe depression: exploratory findings from a decision analytic model

Mccrone, P., Fisher, H., Knight, C. et al. · Psychological Medicine (2023)

Personality change in a trial of psilocybin therapy v. escitalopram treatment for depression

Weiss, B., Ginige, I., Shannon, L. et al. · Psychological Medicine (2023)

Reducing the Harms of Nonclinical Psychedelics Use Through a Peer-Support Telephone Helpline

Pleet, M. M., White, J., Zamaria, J. A. et al. · Psychedelic Medicine (2023)

Comparative acute effects of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in healthy participants

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138 cited
Changed Substance Use After Psychedelic Experiences Among Individuals in Canada

Boehnke, K. F., Kruger, D. J., Lucas, P. · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (2023)

11 cited
Dosing and Therapeutic Conduct in Administration Sessions in Substance-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Systematized Review

Thal, S. B., Wieberneit, M., Sharbanee, J. M. et al. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2023)

4 cited
Pilot study of single-dose psilocybin for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant body dysmorphic disorder

Feusner, J. D., Wheaton, M. G., Gomez, G. J. et al. · Journal of Psychiatric Research (2023)

48 cited
Examining the Therapeutic Effect of Ceremonial Ayahuasca on Narcissistic Personality and Antagonistic Externalizing in Adults

Weiss, B., Sleep, C., Miller, J. D. et al. · Journal of Personality Disorders (2023)

Prevalence and associations of challenging, difficult or distressing experiences using classic psychedelics

Simonsson, O., Hendricks, P. S., Chambers, R. et al. · Journal of Affective Disorders (2023)

Single-dose psilocybin for a treatment-resistant episode of major depression: Impact on patient-reported depression severity, anxiety, function, and quality of life

Goodwin, G. M. · Journal of Affective Disorders (2023)

Classic Psychedelic Use and Current Meditation Practice

Simonsson, A., Simonsson, O., Chambers, R. et al. · Mindfulness (2023)

14 cited
Human brain effects of DMT assessed via EEG-fMRI

Timmermann, C., Roseman, L., Haridas, S. et al. · PNAS (2023)

158 cited
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depressive disorder: An exploratory placebo-controlled, fixed-order trial

Sloshower, J. A., Skosnik, P. D., Safi-Aghdam, H. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2023)

A Bayesian Reanalysis of a Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression

Nayak, S. M., Bari, B. A., Yaden, D. B. et al. · Psychedelic Medicine (2023)

16 cited
Canalization and plasticity in psychopathology

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Chandaria, S., Erritzoe, D. E. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2023)

Subtypes of the psychedelic experience have reproducible and predictable effects on depression and anxiety symptoms

Nikolaidis, A., Lancelotta, R., Gukasyan, N. et al. · Journal of Affective Disorders (2023)

Examining associations between MDMA/ecstasy and classic psychedelic use and impairments in social functioning in a U.S. adult sample

Jones, G. M., Lipson, J., Wang, E. · Scientific Reports (2023)

A neurophenomenological approach to non-ordinary states of consciousness: hypnosis, meditation, and psychedelics

Timmermann, C., Vollenweider, F. X. · Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2023)

Lysergic acid diethylamide-assisted therapy in patients with anxiety with and without a life-threatening illness A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase II study

Holze, F., Gasser, P., Müller, F. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2023)

Single-dose psilocybin-assisted therapy in major depressive disorder: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial

Schindowski, E. M., Jungwirth, J., Schuldt, A. et al. · EClinicalMedicine (2023)

Subacute effects of a single dose of psilocybin on biomarkers of inflammation in healthy humans: An open-label preliminary investigation

Burmester, D., Madsen, M. K., Szabo, A. et al. · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology (2023)

Psychotherapeutic and neurobiological processes associated with ayahuasca: A proposed model and implications for therapeutic use

Perkins, D., Ruffell, S. G. D., day, K. et al. · Frontiers in Neuroscience (2023)

Optimizing outcomes in psilocybin therapy: Considerations in participant evaluation and preparation

Modlin, N. L., Miller, T. M., Rucker, J. J. et al. · Journal of Affective Disorders (2023)

Psychedelic integration challenges: Participant experiences after a psilocybin truffle retreat in the Netherlands

Lutkajtis, A., Evans, J. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2023)

5-HT2ARs Mediate Therapeutic Behavioral Effects of Psychedelic Tryptamines

Cameron, L. P., Patel, S. D., Vargas, M. V. et al. · ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2023)

86 cited
Psilocybin sex-dependently reduces alcohol consumption in C57BL/6J mice

Alper, K., Cange, J., Sah, R. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2023)

Beliefs and Perceived Barriers Regarding Psychedelic-assisted Therapy in a Pilot Study of Service Members and Veterans With a History of Traumatic Brain Injury

Gray, J. C., Murphy, M., Carter, S. E. et al. · Military Medicine (2022)

8 cited
Therapeutic uses of psychedelics for eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder

Ledwos, N., Rodas, J. D., Husain, M. I. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral psilocybin administration in healthy participants

Holze, F., Becker, A. M., Kolaczynska, K. E. et al. · Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (2022)

Lower-dose psycholytic therapy - A neglected approach

Passie, T., Guss, J., Kraehenmann, R. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2022)

Psilocybin modulation of time-varying functional connectivity is associated with plasma psilocin and subjective effects

Olsen, A. S., Ozenne, B., Madsen, M. K. et al. · NeuroImage (2022)

Psychedelic Identity Shift: A Critical Approach to Set And Setting

Devenot, N., Seale-Feldman, A., Smith, E. et al. · Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal (2022)

28 cited
Single-dose psilocybin for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: A case report

Kelmendi, B., Kichuk, S. A., DePalmer, G. et al. · Heliyon (2022)

Therapeutic use of psilocybin: Practical considerations for dosing and administration

MacCallum, C. A., Pistawka, C. A., Deol, J. K. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2022)

ARC: a framework for access, reciprocity and conduct in psychedelic therapies

Spriggs, M. J., Murphy-Beiner, A., Murphy, R. et al. · Psychological Medicine (2022)

35 cited
Body mass index (BMI) does not predict responses to psilocybin

Giribaldi, B., Lyons, T., Rosas, F. E. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

15 cited
Ketanserin reverses the acute response to LSD in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy subjects

Becker, A. M., Klaiber, A., Holze, F. et al. · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2022)

73 cited
Prophylactic action of ayahuasca in a non-human primate model of depressive-like behavior

Galvão-Coelho, N. L., De Meiroz Grilo, M. L. P., de Sousa, G. M. et al. · Frontiers in Behavioural Neuroscience (2022)

Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression

Goodwin, G. M., Aaronson, S. T., Alvarez, O. et al. · New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

656 cited
The neural basis of psychedelic action

Kwan, A. C., Olson, D. E., Preller, K. H. et al. · Nature Medicine (2022)

Therapeutic (Sub)stance: Current practice and therapeutic conduct in preparatory sessions in substance-assisted psychotherapy-A systematized review

Thal, S. B., Wieberneit, M., Sharbanee, J. M. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

Mescaline: The forgotten psychedelic

Narine, K., Campbell, I., Dyck, J. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2022)

98 cited
Psychedelic therapy for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kopra, E., Cleare, A. J., Rucker, J. et al. · Journal of Affective Disorders (2022)

Lasting increases in trait mindfulness after psilocybin correlate positively with the mystical-type experience in healthy individuals

Madsen, M. K., Ozenne, B., Armand, S. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2022)

24 cited
Effects of classic psychedelic drugs on turbulent signatures in brain dynamics

Cruzat, J., Perl, Y. S., Escrichs, A. et al. · Network Neuroscience (2022)

19 cited
Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder

Bogenschutz, M. P., Ross, S., Bhatt, S. R. et al. · JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

497 cited
Bespoke library docking for 5-HT2A receptor agonists with antidepressant activity

Kaplan, A. L., Confair, D. N., Kim, K. et al. · Nature (2022)

Scoping Review of Experiential Measures from Psychedelic Research and Clinical Trials

Herrmann, Z., Earleywine, M., De Leo, J. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2022)

Towards an understanding of psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity

Calder, A. E., Hasler, G. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2022)

Self-Entropic Broadening Theory: Toward a New Understanding of Self and Behavior Change Informed by Psychedelics and Psychosis

Dourron, H. M., Strauss, C., Hendricks, P. S. · Pharmacological Reviews (2022)

A long trip into the universe: Psychedelics and space travel

Lerer, L. B., Varia, J. · Frontiers in Space Travel (2022)

2 cited
Effects of psilocybin versus escitalopram on rumination and thought suppression in depression

Barba, T., Buehler, S., Kettner, H. et al. · BJPsych Open (2022)

Predictors of attitudes toward psychedelics among psychologists in the USA

Luoma, J. B., Pilecki, B., Davis, A. K. et al. · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy (2022)

11 cited
Adverse events in clinical treatments with serotonergic psychedelics and MDMA: A mixed-methods systematic review

Breeksema, J. J., Kuin, B. W., Kamphuis, J. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

The Watts Connectedness Scale: a new scale for measuring a sense of connectedness to self, others, and world

Watts, R., Kettner, H., Gandy, S. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2022)

Mapping Pharmacologically-induced Functional Reorganisation onto the Brain’s Neurotransmitter Landscape

Luppi, A. I., Hansen, J. Y., Adapa, R. et al. · Biorxiv (2022)

4 cited
Classic Psychedelics in Addiction Treatment: The Case for Psilocybin in Tobacco Smoking Cessation

Johnson, M. W. · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences (2022)

Effect of Psilocybin and Ketamine on Brain Neurotransmitters, Glutamate Receptors, DNA and Rat Behavior

Wojtas, A., Bysiek, A., Wawrzczak-Bargiela, A. et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2022)

79 cited
Models of Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Contemporary Assessment and an Introduction to EMBARK, a Transdiagnostic, Trans-Drug Model

Belser, A. B. · Frontiers in Psychology (2022)

57 cited
Group VR experiences can produce ego attenuation and connectedness comparable to psychedelics

Glowacki, D. R., Wonnacott, M. D., Freire, R. et al. · Scientific Reports (2022)

31 cited
Postpartum depression: A role for psychedelics?

Jairaj, C., Rucker, J. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

Unique Effects of Sedatives, Dissociatives, Psychedelics, Stimulants, and Cannabinoids on Episodic Memory: A Review and Reanalysis of Acute Drug Effects on Recollection, Familiarity, and Metamemory

Doss, M. K., Samaha, J., Barrett, F. S. et al. · Biorxiv (2022)

Psychedelics and Psychotherapy: Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches as Default

Yaden, D. B., Earp, D., Graziosi, M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2022)

Traditional Amazonian medicine in addiction treatment: Qualitative results

O'shaughnessy, D. M., Sarnyai, Z., Quirk, F. et al. · SSM Qualitative Research in Health (2022)

Chronic Treatment With Psilocybin Decreases Changes in Body Weight in a Rodent Model of Obesity

Barr, A. M., Huang, J., Pham, M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2022)

17 cited
Psychedelic Resting-state Neuroimaging: A Review and Perspective on Balancing Replication and Novel Analyses

McCulloch, D. E-W., Knudsen, G. M., Barrett, F. S. et al. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2022)

Special considerations for evaluating psilocybin-facilitated psychotherapy in vulnerable populations

Ortiz, C. E., Dourron, H. M., Sweat, N. W. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2022)

Pharmacokinetics of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in Humans

Good, M., Joel, Z., Benway, T. et al. · European Journal of Pharmacology (2022)

Naturalistic use of psychedelics is related to emotional reactivity and self-consciousness: The mediating role of ego-dissolution and mystical experiences

Orłowski, P., Ruban, A., Szczypiński, J. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

Differences in personality, cognitive abilities, illicit drug use, and white matter structural integrity between hallucinogen users and matched controls

Aharon-Almagor, A., Barrett, F. S. · Research Square (2022)

Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression

Daws, R. E., Timmermann, C., Giribaldi, B. et al. · Nature Medicine (2022)

Therapeutic Alliance and Rapport Modulate Responses to Psilocybin Assisted Therapy for Depression

Murphy, R., Murphy-Beiner, A., Kettner, H. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022)

162 cited
Effects of Naturalistic Psychedelic Use on Depression, Anxiety, and Well-Being: Associations With Patterns of Use, Reported Harms, and Transformative Mental States

Raison, C. L., Jain, R., Jain, S. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2022)

59 cited
Psilocybin-Induced Mystical-Type Experiences are Related to Persisting Positive Effects: A Quantitative and Qualitative Report

McCulloch, D. E-W., Madsen, M. K., Jensen, P. S. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022)

79 cited
Psilocybin Combines Rapid Synaptogenic And Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vitro

Smedfors, G., Glotfelty, E., Papatziamos, C. et al. · Research Square (2022)

Drug-drug interactions between psychiatric medications and MDMA or psilocybin: a systematic review

Sarparast, A., Thomas, K., Malcolm, B. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2022)

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and subjective effects of 50, 75, and 100 µg LSD in healthy participants within a novel intervention paradigm: A proof-of-concept study

Family, N., Hendricks, P. S., Williams, L. T. J. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

Presence, Trust, and Empathy: Preferred Characteristics of Psychedelic Carers

Thal, S., Engels, L. B., Bright, S. J. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2022)

The challenges ahead for psychedelic ‘medicine’

Muthukumaraswamy, S., Forsyth, A., Sumner, R. L. · Australian and new-zealand Journal of Psychiatry (2022)

Virtual Reality as a Moderator of Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy

Sekula, A. D., Downey, L., Puspanathan, P. · Frontiers in Psychology (2022)

19 cited
Direct comparison of the acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects

Holze, F., Ley, L., Müller, F. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2022)

169 cited
Efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted treatment for major depressive disorder: Prospective 12-month follow-up

Davis, A. K., Streeter Barrett, F., Cosimano, M. P. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

306 cited
The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)

Reckweg, J., Uthaug, M. V., Szabo, A. et al. · Journal of Neurochemistry (2022)

Trajectory of Antidepressant Effects after Single- or Two-Dose Administration of Psilocybin: A Systematic Review and Multivariate Meta-Analysis

Yu, C. L., Liang, C. S., Yang, F. et al. · Journal of Clinical Medicine (2022)

Repeated low doses of LSD in healthy adults: A placebo-controlled, dose-response study

de Wit, H., Molla, H. M., Bershad, A. K. et al. · Addiction Biology (2022)

Evaluating the Potential Use of Serotonergic Psychedelics in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Markopoulos, A., Inserra, A., De Gregorio, D. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022)

30 cited
Biochemical Mechanisms Underlying Psychedelic-Induced Neuroplasticity

Olson, D. E. · Biochemistry (2022)

95 cited
Human Cortical Serotonin 2A Receptor Occupancy by Psilocybin Measured Using [11C]MDL 100,907 Dynamic PET and a Resting-State fMRI-Based Brain Parcellation

Barrett, F. S., Zhou, Y., Carbonaro, T. M. et al. · Frontiers in Neuroergonomics (2022)

Knowledge, Perceptions, and Use of Psychedelics among Individuals with Fibromyalgia

Glynos, N. G., Pierce, J., Davis, A. K. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2022)

Human behavioral pharmacology of psychedelics

Strickland, J. C., Johnson, M. W. · Advances in Pharmacology (2022)

5 cited
Methodological challenges in psychedelic drug trials: Efficacy and safety of psilocybin in treatment-resistant major depression (EPIsoDE) - Rationale and study design

Mertens, L. J., Koslowski, M., Betzler, F. et al. · Neuroscience Applied (2022)

Psychedelic Therapy's Transdiagnostic Effects: A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Perspective

Dursun, S. M., Kelly, J. R., Gillan, C. M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

A Spectrum of Selves Reinforced in Multilevel Coherence: A Contextual Behavioural Response to the Challenges of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Development

Whitfield, H. J. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

Psilocybin-assisted therapy for the treatment of resistant major depressive disorder (PsiDeR): protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled feasibility trial

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The readiness of psychiatrists to implement psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy

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167 cited
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Psychedelic mushrooms in the USA: Knowledge, patterns of use and association with health outcomes

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Prefrontal contributions to the stability and variability of thought and conscious experience

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Psychedelic Knowledge and Opinions in Psychiatrists at Two Professional Conferences: An Exploratory Survey

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Two Models of Legalization of Psychedelic Substances: Reasons for Concern

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28 cited
Psychedelics for Brain Injury: A Mini-Review

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Associations between lifetime classic psychedelic use and cardiometabolic diseases

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Psychedelics alter metaphysical beliefs

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Psilocybin as a Novel Pharmacotherapy for Treatment-Refractory Anorexia Nervosa

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Psychedelic perceptions: mental health service user attitudes to psilocybin therapy

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Psilocybin and MDMA for the treatment of trauma-related psychopathology

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Decreased brain modularity after psilocybin therapy for depression

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Future Directions for Clinical Psilocybin Research: The Relaxed Symptom Network

Lewis-Healey, E., Laukkonen, R., Van Elk, M. · Psyarxiv (2021)

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Acute effects of psilocybin on glutamate concentration levels, functional connectivity and subjective state

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Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for... — Research Summary & Context | Blossom