Anxiety DisordersDepressive DisordersTreatment-Resistant Depression (TRD)Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)Substance Use Disorders (SUD)Healthy VolunteersSafety & Risk ManagementAyahuascaLSDPsilocybin

Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): a systematic review of clinical trials published in the last 25 years

This systematic review (1990–2015) found preliminary evidence from six small clinical trials that ayahuasca, psilocybin and LSD have antidepressive, anxiolytic and antiaddictive effects and were well tolerated, including in treatment‑resistant cases; however, many studies were open‑label and underpowered, so larger randomised, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trials are needed to confirm efficacy.

Authors

  • Jordi Riba
  • Jamie Hallak
  • Rafael dos Santos

Published

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology
meta Study

Abstract

To date, pharmacological treatments for mood and anxiety disorders and for drug dependence show limited efficacy, leaving a large number of patients suffering severe and persistent symptoms. Preliminary studies in animals and humans suggest that ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may have antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive properties. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of clinical trials published from 1990 until 2015, assessing these therapeutic properties. Electronic searches were performed using the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Only clinical trials published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Of these, 151 studies were identified, of which six met the established criteria. Reviewed studies suggest beneficial effects for treatment-resistant depression, anxiety and depression associated with life-threatening diseases, and tobacco and alcohol dependence. All drugs were well tolerated. In conclusion, ayahuasca, psilocybin and LSD may be useful pharmacological tools for the treatment of drug dependence, and anxiety and mood disorders, especially in treatment-resistant patients. These drugs may also be useful pharmacological tools to understand psychiatric disorders and to develop new therapeutic agents. However, all studies reviewed had small sample sizes, and half of them were open-label, proof-of-concept studies. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with more patients are needed to replicate these preliminary findings.

Available with Blossom Pro

Research Summary of 'Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): a systematic review of clinical trials published in the last 25 years'

Introduction

Ayahuasca is a traditional Amazonian botanical brew made from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis; the former supplies β-carbolines (harmine, tetrahydroharmine, harmaline) that inhibit monoamine oxidase A (MAO‑A) and thereby enable the orally inactive tryptamine N,N‑dimethyltryptamine (DMT) from P. viridis to reach the brain and activate 5‑HT1A/2A/2C receptors. Previous human and animal work, plus anecdotal and observational reports from ritual users, have suggested potential therapeutic effects of ayahuasca and its alkaloids for mood and anxiety disorders and for substance dependence, and pharmacological studies have indicated an acceptable acute safety profile in healthy volunteers. However, evidence remains fragmented across animal models, small experimental human studies and observational assessments, and clinical trials are scarce. Dos Santos and colleagues therefore performed a systematic review to collect and synthesise animal and human studies up to 3 April 2015 that examined anxiolytic or antidepressive effects of ayahuasca and its isolated alkaloids (DMT, harmine, THH, harmaline). The stated aim was to evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting anxiolytic, antidepressant and related effects and to identify gaps requiring further investigation; the work combined animal models, experimental human dosing studies, observational studies of long‑term users and available clinical trials.

Expert Research Summaries

Go Pro to access AI-powered section-by-section summaries, editorial takes, and the full research toolkit.

See Pro PlansAlready have an account? Sign in

Full Text PDF

Full Paper PDF

Create a free account to open full-text PDFs.

Create Free AccountAlready have an account? Sign in

Study Details

References (32)

Papers cited by this study that are also in Blossom

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: tryptamine and beta-carboline constituents of ayahuasca

McKenna, D., Towers, G. H., Abbott, F. · Journal of Ethnopharmacology (1984)

Subjective effects and tolerability of the South American psychoactive beverage Ayahuasca in healthy volunteers

Riba, J., Urbano, G., Morte, A. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2001)

Human pharmacology of ayahuasca: subjective and cardiovascular effects, monoamine metabolite excretion, and pharmacokinetics

Riba, J., Valle, M., Urbano, G. et al. · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (2003)

Seeing with the eyes shut: Neural basis of enhanced imagery following ayahuasca ingestion

De Araujo, D. B., Ribeiro, S., Cecchi, G. A. et al. · Human Brain Mapping (2011)

Evidence of health and safety in American members of a religion who use a hallucinogenic sacrament

Halpern, J. H., Sherwood, A. R., Passie, T. et al. · Medical Science Monitor (2008)

Assessment of addiction severity among ritual users of ayahuasca

Fábregas, J. M., González, D., Fondevila, S. et al. · Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2010)

222 cited
Health status of ayahuasca users

Barbosa, P., Mizumoto, S., Bogenschutz, M. P. et al. · Drug Testing and Analysis (2012)

Personality, Psychopathology, Life Attitudes and Neuropsychological Performance among Ritual Users of Ayahuasca: A Longitudinal Study

Bouso, J. C., González, D., Fondevila, S. et al. · PLOS ONE (2012)

Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: a preliminary report

Osório, F. L., Sanches, R. F., Macedo, L. et al. · brazilian Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

420 cited
Safety and Side Effects of Ayahuasca in Humans-An Overview Focusing on Developmental Toxicology

Dos Santos, R. G. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2013)

Show all 32 references
The psychedelic model of schizophrenia: the case of N,N-dimethyltryptamine

Gillin, J. C., Kaplan, J., Stillman, R. et al. · American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

Ayahuasca in adolescence: a preliminary psychiatric assessment

da Silveira, D. X., Doering-Silveira, E., Grob, C. S. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2005)

The neurobiology of psychedelic drugs: implications for the treatment of mood disorders

Vollenweider, F. X., Kometer, M. · Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2010)

Classical hallucinogens as antidepressants? A review of pharmacodynamics and putative clinical roles

Tracy, D., Baumeister, D., Barnes, G. et al. · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology (2014)

Immunological Effects of Ayahuasca in Humans

Dos Santos, R. G. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2014)

The psychopharmacology of hallucinogens

Abraham, H. D., Aldridge, A. M., Gogia, P. · Neuropsychopharmacology (1996)

Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance

Griffiths, R. R., Richards, W. A., Mccann, U. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2006)

Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects

Griffiths, R. R., Johnson, M. W., Richards, W. A. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2011)

Acute, subacute and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of experimental studies

Studerus, E., Kometer, M., Hasler, F. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2010)

423 cited
Psilocybin biases facial recognition, goal-directed behavior, and mood state toward positive relative to negative emotions through different serotonergic subreceptors

Kometer, M., Schmidt, A., Bachmann, R. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2012)

Psilocybin-induced decrease in amygdala reactivity correlates with enhanced positive mood in healthy volunteers

Kraehenmann, R., Preller, K. H., Scheidegger, M. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2015)

Acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide in healthy subjects

Schmid, Y., Enzler, F., Gasser, P. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2015)

Psilocybin and obsessive compulsive disorder

Wilcox, C. E. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2014)

Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Psilocybin in 9 Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Moreno, F. A., Wiegand, C. B., Taitano, E. K. et al. · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (2006)

Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer

Grob, C. S., Danforth, A. L., Chopra, G. S. et al. · JAMA Psychiatry (2011)

Safety and efficacy of lysergic acid diethylamide-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases

Gasser, P., Holstein, D., Michel, Y. et al. · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (2014)

594 cited
LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease: a qualitative study of acute and sustained subjective effects

Kirchner, K. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2014)

389 cited
The psychedelic state induced by ayahuasca modulates the activity and connectivity of the default mode network

Palhano-Fontes, F., Andrade, K. C., Tófoli, L.F. et al. · PLOS ONE (2015)

Long-term use of psychedelic drugs is associated with differences in brain structure and personality in humans

Rodríguez-Fornells, A., Ribeiro, S., Sanches, R. F. et al. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2015)

Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Erritzoe, D., Williams, T. et al. · PNAS (2012)

Functional connectivity measures after psilocybin inform a novel hypothesis of early psychosis

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Leech, R., Erritzoe, D. et al. · Schizophrenia Bulletin (2012)

241 cited
Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression a SPECT study

Sanches, R. F., Osório, F. L., Dos Santos, R. G. et al. · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (2016)

380 cited

Cited By (76)

Papers in Blossom that reference this study

Effects of psychoplastogens on blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Calder, A. E., Hase, A., Hasler, G. · Molecular Psychiatry (2024)

Spiritual health practitioners’ contributions to psychedelic assisted therapy: A qualitative analysis

Peacock, C., Mascaro, J. S., Brauer, E. et al. · PLOS ONE (2024)

21 cited
Psilocybin-assisted group therapy in patients with cancer diagnosed with a major depressive disorder

Agrawal, M., Richards, B. D., Richards, W. A. et al. · Cancer (2023)

Microdosing psychedelics has no impact on cognitive function in naturalistic settings

Dinkelacker, J., Pop, I. · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (2023)

2 cited
Interactive Effects of Ayahuasca and Cannabidiol in Social Cognition in Healthy Volunteers: A Pilot, Proof-of-Concept, Feasibility, Randomized-Controlled Trial

Rossi, G. N., Rocha, J. M., Osório, F. L. et al. · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (2023)

Self-Transcendent Positive Emotions as a Potential Mechanism Underpinning the Effects of Meaningful Psychedelic Experiences on Connectedness to Nature

Newton, K., Moreton, S. G. · Ecopsychology (2023)

Information parity increases on functional brain networks under influence of a psychedelic substance

Viol, A., Viswanathan, G. M., Soldatkina, O. et al. · Journal of Physiology (2023)

A non-hallucinogenic LSD analog with therapeutic potential for mood disorders

Lewis, V., Bonniwell, E. M., Lanham, J. K. et al. · Cell Reports (2023)

102 cited
Therapeutic effect of psilocybin in addiction: A systematic review

van der Meer, P. B., Fuentes, J. J., Kaptein, A. A. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2023)

Psychotherapeutic and neurobiological processes associated with ayahuasca: A proposed model and implications for therapeutic use

Perkins, D., Ruffell, S. G. D., day, K. et al. · Frontiers in Neuroscience (2023)

Show all 76 papers
Application of machine learning and complex network measures to an EEG dataset from ayahuasca experiments

Alves, C. L., Cury, R. G., Roster, K. et al. · PLOS ONE (2022)

Self-treatment of psychosis and complex post-traumatic stress disorder with LSD and DMT-A retrospective case study

Turkia, M. · Psychiatry Research (2022)

Associations between MDMA/ecstasy use and physical health in a U.S. population-based survey sample

Hendricks, P. S., Simonsson, O. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

6 cited
The influence of ceremonial settings on mystical and challenging experiences occasioned by ayahuasca: A survey among ritualistic and religious ayahuasca users

Pontual, A. A. D. D., Tófoli, L. F., Corradi-Webster, C. M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2022)

Interest in receiving psychedelic-assisted therapy among marginalized women: Implications and findings from a community-based study in Canada

Argento, E., Goldenberg, S., Deering, K. et al. · Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2022)

4 cited
Traditional Amazonian medicine in addiction treatment: Qualitative results

O'shaughnessy, D. M., Sarnyai, Z., Quirk, F. et al. · SSM Qualitative Research in Health (2022)

LSD, afterglow and hangover: Increased episodic memory and verbal fluency, decreased cognitive flexibility

Wießner, I., Olivieri, R., Falchi, M. et al. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2022)

Metabolomics and integrated network analysis reveal roles of endocannabinoids and large neutral amino acid balance in the ayahuasca experience

Madrid-Gambin, F., Gomez-Gomez, A., Busquets-Garcia, A. et al. · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (2022)

Repeated lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reverses stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, cortical synaptogenesis deficits and serotonergic neurotransmission decline

De Gregorio, D., Inserra, A., Enns, J. P. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2022)

Administration of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in psychedelic therapeutics and research and the study of endogenous DMT

Barker, S. A. · Psychopharmacology (2022)

43 cited
Biochemical Mechanisms Underlying Psychedelic-Induced Neuroplasticity

Olson, D. E. · Biochemistry (2022)

95 cited
Psychedelic-Inspired Approaches for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders

Olson, D. E. · Journal of Neurochemistry (2021)

Low-dose LSD and the stream of thought: Increased Discontinuity of Mind, Deep Thoughts and abstract flow

Maia, L. O., Feilding, A., Ribeiro, S. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2021)

Classic Psychedelic Use and Mechanisms of Mental Health: Exploring the Mediating Roles of Spirituality and Emotion Processing on Symptoms of Anxiety, Depressed Mood, and Disordered Eating in a Community Sample

Lafrance, A., Strahan, E., Bird, B. M. et al. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2021)

19 cited
Persisting effects of ayahuasca on empathy, creative thinking, decentering, personality, and well-being

Kiraga, M. K., Mason, N. L., Uthaug, M. V. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2021)

56 cited
Psychedelics, sociality, and human evolution

Rodríguez Arce, J. M., Winkelman, M. J. · Frontiers in Psychology (2021)

A Qualitative Exploration of Relational Ethical Challenges and Practices in Psychedelic Healing

Brennan, W., Jackson, M. A., MacLean, K. A. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2021)

34 cited
Improving cognitive functioning in major depressive disorder with psychedelics: a dimensional approach

Kuiperes, Z., Schreiber, R. · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (2021)

Increases in Psychological Flexibility Mediate Relationship Between Acute Psychedelic Effects and Decreases in Racial Trauma Symptoms Among People of Color

Davis, A. K., Xin, Y., Sepeda, N. D. et al. · Chronic Stress (2021)

A Nationwide Study Comparing Mental Health Professionals' Willingness to Try Hallucinogenic Drugs in Basic Research or Clinical Practice

Ginati, Y. D., Ben-Sheetrit, J., Lev-Ran, S. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2021)

5 cited
LSD induces increased signalling entropy in rats' prefrontal cortex

Savino, A., Nichols, C. D. · Biorxiv (2021)

Protocol for Outcome Evaluation of Ayahuasca-Assisted Addiction Treatment: The Case of Takiwasi Center

Rush, B., Marcus, O., García, S. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2021)

19 cited
Within-treatment changes in a novel addiction treatment program using traditional Amazonian medicine

O'shaughnessy, D. M., Berlowitz, I., Rodd, R. et al. · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology (2021)

The Effects of Daytime Psilocybin Administration on Sleep: Implications for Antidepressant Action

Dudysová, D., Janků, K., Šmotek, M. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2020)

25 cited
Mood and cognition after administration of low LSD doses in healthy volunteers: A placebo controlled dose-effect finding study

Hutten, N. R. P. W., Mason, N. L., Dolder, P. C. et al. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

95 cited
Therapeutic effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics: A systematic review of modern-era clinical studies

Andersen, K. A. A., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Nutt, D. J. et al. · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (2020)

The Emerging Role of Psilocybin and MDMA in the Treatment of Mental Illness

Gill, H., Gill, B., Chen-Li, D. et al. · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics (2020)

Transient Stimulation with Psychoplastogens Is Sufficient to Initiate Neuronal Growth

Greb, A. C., Vargas, M. V., Duim, W. C. et al. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2020)

The therapeutic potential of microdosing psychedelics in depression

Kuypers, K. P. C. · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology (2020)

Psychedelic Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Patient Experiences in Qualitative Studies

Breeksema, J. J., Niemeijer, A. R., Krediet, E. et al. · CNS Drugs (2020)

Chronic pain and psychedelics: a review and proposed mechanism of action

Castellanos, J. P., Woolley, C., Bruno, K. A. et al. · Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (2020)

101 cited
Depression, Mindfulness, and Psilocybin: Possible Complementary Effects of Mindfulness Meditation and Psilocybin in the Treatment of Depression. A Review

Heuschkel, K., Kuypers, K. P. C. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020)

63 cited
Natural Psychoplastogens As Antidepressant Agents

Benko, J., Vranková, S. · Molecules (2020)

Psychological flexibility mediates the relations between acute psychedelic effects and subjective decreases in depression and anxiety

Davis, A. K., Barrett, F. S., Griffiths, R. R. · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (2020)

Therapeutic use of serotoninergic hallucinogens: A review of the evidence and of the biological and psychological mechanisms

Dos Santos, R. G., Hallak, J. E. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2020)

Twenty percent better with 20 micrograms? A qualitative study of psychedelic microdosing self-rapports and discussions on YouTube

Andersson, M., Kjellgren, A. · Harm Reduction Journal (2019)

Acute Subjective and Behavioral Effects of Microdoses of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Human Volunteers

Bershad, A. K., Schepers, S. T., Bremmer, M. P. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2019)

Exploring ayahuasca-assisted therapy for addiction: A qualitative analysis of preliminary findings among an Indigenous community in Canada

Argento, E., Capler, R., Thomas, G. et al. · Drug and Alcohol Review (2019)

72 cited
Modulation of Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor by a Single Dose of Ayahuasca: Observation From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Galvão-Coelho, N. L., de Almeida, R. N., de Menezes Galvão, A. C. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2019)

Chronic, Intermittent Microdoses of the Psychedelic N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) Produce Positive Effects on Mood and Anxiety in Rodents

Cameron, L. P., Benson, C. J., Defelice, B. C. et al. · ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2019)

Sub-Acute Effects of Psilocybin on Empathy, Creative Thinking, and Subjective Well-Being

Mason, N. L., Mischler, E., Uthaug, M. V. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2019)

136 cited
Microdosing psychedelics: personality, mental health, and creativity differences in microdosers

Anderson, T., Petranker, R., Rosenbaum, D. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2019)

142 cited
Increased amygdala responses to emotional faces after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression

Roseman, L., Demetriou, L., Wall, M. B. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2018)

Exploring the effect of microdosing psychedelics on creativity in an open-label natural setting

Prochazkova, L., Lippelt, D. P., Colzato, L. S. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2018)

More realistic forecasting of future life events after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression

Lyons, T., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Frontiers in Psychology (2018)

49 cited
A Single Dose of 5-MeO-DMT Stimulates Cell Proliferation, Neuronal Survivability, Morphological and Functional Changes in Adult Mice Ventral Dentate Gyrus

Lima da Cruz, R. V., Moulin, T. C., Petiz, L. L. et al. · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience (2018)

Therapeutic Potential Ascribed to Ayahuasca by Users in the Czech Republic

Horák, M., Hasíková, L., Verter, N. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2018)

Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: a systematic review of systematic reviews

Dos Santos, R. G., Bouso, J. C., Hallak, J. E. · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology (2018)

191 cited
Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)

Cameron, L. P. · ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2018)

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research and Development

Schenberg, E. E. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity

Ly, C., Greb, A. C., Cameron, L. P. et al. · Cell Reports (2018)

Mental health of a self-selected sample of psychedelic users and self-medication practices with psychedelics

Mason, N. L., Kuypers, K. P. C. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2018)

Effects of N, N-Dimethyltryptamine on Rat Behaviors Relevant to Anxiety and Depression

Cameron, L. P., Benson, C. J., Dunlap, L. E. · ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2018)

Four weekly ayahuasca sessions lead to increases in “acceptance” capacities: a comparison study with a standard 8-week mindfulness training program

Elices, M., Soler, J., Domínguez-Clavé, E. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Unifying theories of psychedelic drug effects

Swanson, L. R. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression

Roseman, L., Nutt, D. J., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Harmine produces antidepressant-like effects via restoration of astrocytic functions

Liu, F., Gong, Y., Wang, P. et al. · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (2017)

64 cited
Does psychedelic drug use reduce risk of suicidality? Evidence from a longitudinal community-based cohort of marginalised women in a Canadian setting

Argento, E., Strathdee, S. A., Tupper, K. et al. · BMJ Open (2017)

48 cited
Self unbound: ego dissolution in psychedelic experience

Letheby, C., Gerrans, P. · Neuroscience of Consciousness (2017)

Modern clinical research on LSD

Liechti, M. E. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2017)

Anxiety, panic, and hopelessness during and after ritual ayahuasca intake in a woman with generalized anxiety disorder: A case report

Dos Santos, R. G., Osório, F. L., Crippa, J. A. et al. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2017)

6 cited
Ayahuasca dimethyltryptamine, and psychosis: a systematic review of human studies

Dos Santos, R. G., Hallak, J. E., Bouso, J. C. · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology (2017)

The antiaddictive effects of ibogaine: A systematic literature review of human studies

Dos Santos, R. G., Bouso, J. C., Hallak, J. E. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2016)

Effects of the Natural β-Carboline Alkaloid Harmine, a Main Constituent of Ayahuasca, in Memory and in the Hippocampus: A Systematic Literature Review of Preclinical Studies

Dos Santos, R. G., Hallak, J. E. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2016)

59 cited
Classical hallucinogens and neuroimaging: A systematic review of human studies: hallucinogens and neuroimaging

Dos Santos, R. G., Osório, F. L., Crippa, J. A. et al. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2016)

Ayahuasca enhances creative divergent thinking while decreasing conventional convergent thinking

Kuypers, K. P. C., Riba, &. J., De La Fuente Revenga, &. M. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2016)

Your Personal Research Library

Go Pro to save papers, add notes, rate studies, and organize your research into custom shelves.

See Pro PlansSign in
Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive... — Research Summary & Context | Blossom