Trial PaperAnxiety DisordersBipolar DisorderDepressive DisordersMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD)Ayahuasca

Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: a preliminary report

This open-label study (n=6) found that a single dose of ayahuasca has fast-acting anxiolytic and antidepressant effects (up to 21 days later, MADRS) in patients with a current depressive episode.

Authors

  • Jamie Hallak
  • Rafael dos Santos
  • Jordi Riba

Published

brazilian Journal of Psychiatry
individual Study

Abstract

Objectives

Ayahuasca (AYA), a natural psychedelic brew prepared from Amazonian plants and rich in dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and harmine, causes effects of subjective well-being and may therefore have antidepressant actions. This study sought to evaluate the effects of a single dose of AYA in six volunteers with a current depressive episode.

Methods

Open-label trial conducted in an inpatient psychiatric unit.

Results

Statistically significant reductions of up to 82% in depressive scores were observed between baseline and 1, 7, and 21 days after AYA administration, as measured on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Anxious-Depression subscale of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). AYA administration resulted in nonsignificant changes in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores and in the thinking disorder subscale of the BPRS, suggesting that AYA does not induce episodes of mania and/or hypomania in patients with mood disorders and that modifications in thought content, which could indicate psychedelic effects, are not essential for mood improvement.

Conclusions

These results suggest that AYA has fast-acting anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in patients with a depressive disorder.

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Research Summary of 'Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression: a preliminary report'

Introduction

Depression is highly prevalent, causes substantial suffering, and current antidepressant treatments have limitations including delayed onset, incomplete response, and adverse effects. The introduction frames interest in rapidly acting treatments, citing ketamine as an example of a novel rapid antidepressant, and positions ayahuasca (AYA) — a traditional Amazonian brew containing DMT and b-carboline MAO-A inhibitors (harmine, THH, harmaline) — as a candidate for investigation. The authors describe AYA’s pharmacology as a combination of peripheral MAO-A inhibition by b-carbolines and central serotonergic agonism by DMT, and they note animal and limited human data suggesting antidepressant potential for AYA or its alkaloids, while also acknowledging the paucity of controlled clinical data and limited evidence on long-term safety. This preliminary, open-label study set out to evaluate whether a single dose of AYA produces acute antidepressant effects in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD). The stated objective was to measure changes in clinician-rated depressive and related symptoms over hours to weeks after administration, testing the hypothesis that AYA could produce rapid reductions in depressive symptoms in a clinical population.

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Study Details

References (8)

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Acute effects of LSD on amygdala activity during processing of fearful stimuli in healthy subjects

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The psychological and human brain effects of music in combination with psychedelic drugs

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Ayahuasca dimethyltryptamine, and psychosis: a systematic review of human studies

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Medicine, religion and ayahuasca in Catalonia. Considering ayahuasca networks from a medical anthropology perspective

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Harmine stimulates proliferation of human neural progenitors

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59 cited
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Set and setting, psychedelics and the placebo response: An extra-pharmacological perspective on psychopharmacology

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Treating Addiction: Perspectives from EEG and Imaging Studies on Psychedelics

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248 cited
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113 cited
The therapeutic potentials of ayahuasca: possible effects against various diseases of civilization

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130 cited
Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression a SPECT study

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380 cited
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