Depressive DisordersPTSDAnxiety DisordersSubstance Use Disorders (SUD)Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Development

Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity

This cell (in vitro) and animal (in vivo, larvae & rats) study shows the various ways (stimulation of the TrkB, mTOR, and 5-HT2A signaling pathways) through which psychedelics promote/increase plasticity in the brain.

Authors

  • Lindsay Cameron

Published

Cell Reports
individual Study

Abstract

Atrophy of neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression and related disorders. The ability to promote both structural and functional plasticity in the PFC has been hypothesized to underlie the fast-acting antidepressant properties of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine. Here, we report that, like ketamine, serotonergic psychedelics are capable of robustly increasing neuritogenesis and/or spinogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. These changes in neuronal structure are accompanied by increased synapse number and function, as measured by fluorescence microscopy and electrophysiology. The structural changes induced by psychedelics appear to result from stimulation of the TrkB, mTOR, and 5-HT2A signaling pathways and could possibly explain the clinical effectiveness of these compounds. Our results underscore the therapeutic potential of psychedelics and, importantly, identify several lead scaffolds for medicinal chemistry efforts focused on developing plasticity-promoting compounds as safe, effective, and fast-acting treatments for depression and related disorders.

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Research Summary of 'Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity'

Introduction

Neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and addiction are highly disabling and often refractory to existing antidepressant treatments, which typically require weeks to produce effects and fail in roughly one-third of patients. Converging evidence from imaging, postmortem and animal studies implicates atrophy of prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons—manifest as dendritic retraction, loss of spines and synapses—in the pathophysiology of these disorders, and reversing such structural deficits is proposed as a therapeutic strategy. Ketamine, a dissociative anaesthetic, has renewed interest in rapid-acting antidepressant mechanisms because it promotes dendritic spine growth, synaptic protein synthesis and strengthened synaptic responses, and produces fast antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in some treatment-resistant patients. Ly and colleagues set out to test whether classical serotonergic psychedelics and related entactogens from diverse chemical classes (tryptamines, amphetamines, ergolines, and iboga alkaloids) also promote structural and functional plasticity in cortical neurons, potentially via shared downstream signalling with ketamine. The investigators introduce the term "psychoplastogen" for compounds that rapidly induce neuronal plasticity, and aim to characterise neuritogenesis, spinogenesis and synaptogenesis induced by representative psychedelics, to compare potencies with ketamine, and to probe underlying mechanisms including BDNF/TrkB, mTOR and 5-HT2A receptor involvement. The work spans in vitro primary cortical cultures, in vivo rodent experiments and invertebrate/vertebrate developmental models to assess evolutionary conservation of effects.

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Study Details

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Analgesic potential of macrodoses and microdoses of classical psychedelics in chronic pain sufferers: a population survey

Bonnelle, V., Cavarra, M., Kryskow, P. et al. · British Journal of Pain (2022)

21 cited
Effect of Psilocybin and Ketamine on Brain Neurotransmitters, Glutamate Receptors, DNA and Rat Behavior

Wojtas, A., Bysiek, A., Wawrzczak-Bargiela, A. et al. · International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2022)

79 cited
Significance of mammalian N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT): A 60-year-old debate

Jiménez, J. H., Bouso, J. C. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

Interest in receiving psychedelic-assisted therapy among marginalized women: Implications and findings from a community-based study in Canada

Argento, E., Goldenberg, S., Deering, K. et al. · Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2022)

4 cited
Postpartum depression: A role for psychedelics?

Jairaj, C., Rucker, J. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

Differences in personality, cognitive abilities, illicit drug use, and white matter structural integrity between hallucinogen users and matched controls

Aharon-Almagor, A., Barrett, F. S. · Research Square (2022)

A Single Belief-Changing Psychedelic Experience Is Associated With Increased Attribution of Consciousness to Living and Non-living Entities

Nayak, S., Griffiths, R. R. · Frontiers in Psychology (2022)

37 cited
Metabolomics and integrated network analysis reveal roles of endocannabinoids and large neutral amino acid balance in the ayahuasca experience

Madrid-Gambin, F., Gomez-Gomez, A., Busquets-Garcia, A. et al. · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (2022)

Towards psychedelic apprenticeship: Developing a gentle touch for the mediation and validation of psychedelic-induced insights and revelations

Timmermann, C., Watts, R., Dupuis, D. · Transcultural Psychiatry (2022)

95 cited
Repeated lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reverses stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, cortical synaptogenesis deficits and serotonergic neurotransmission decline

De Gregorio, D., Inserra, A., Enns, J. P. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2022)

Psilocybin Combines Rapid Synaptogenic And Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vitro

Smedfors, G., Glotfelty, E., Papatziamos, C. et al. · Research Square (2022)

Beating Pain with Psychedelics: Matter over Mind?

Elman, I., Borsook, D., Pustilink, A. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2022)

Direct comparison of the acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects

Holze, F., Ley, L., Müller, F. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2022)

169 cited
The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)

Reckweg, J., Uthaug, M. V., Szabo, A. et al. · Journal of Neurochemistry (2022)

Psychedelic use is associated with reduced daily opioid use among people who use illicit drugs in a Canadian setting

Argento, E., Socias, M. E., Hayashi, K. et al. · International Journal of Drug Policy (2022)

Evaluating the Potential Use of Serotonergic Psychedelics in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Markopoulos, A., Inserra, A., De Gregorio, D. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022)

30 cited
Classic Psychedelic Drugs: Update on Biological Mechanisms

Vollenweider, F. X., Smallridge, J. W. · Pharmacopsychiatry (2022)

71 cited
Administration of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in psychedelic therapeutics and research and the study of endogenous DMT

Barker, S. A. · Psychopharmacology (2022)

43 cited
Biochemical Mechanisms Underlying Psychedelic-Induced Neuroplasticity

Olson, D. E. · Biochemistry (2022)

95 cited
MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use are associated with lowered odds of psychological distress and suicidal thoughts in a sample of US adults

Jones, G. M., Nock, M. K. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

Psilocybin microdosing does not affect emotion-related symptoms and processing: A preregistered field and lab-based study

Marschall, J., Fejer, G., Lempe, P. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

Psychedelic Therapy's Transdiagnostic Effects: A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Perspective

Dursun, S. M., Kelly, J. R., Gillan, C. M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy for Substance Use Disorders and Potential Mechanisms of Action

Rieser, N. M., Herdener, M. ;., Preller, K. H. · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences (2021)

A Spectrum of Selves Reinforced in Multilevel Coherence: A Contextual Behavioural Response to the Challenges of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Development

Whitfield, H. J. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

Psychedelic-Inspired Approaches for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders

Olson, D. E. · Journal of Neurochemistry (2021)

Psilocybin, a Naturally Occurring Indoleamine Compound, Could Be Useful to Prevent Suicidal Behaviors

Strumila, R., Guillaume, S. · Pharmaceuticals (2021)

Acute effects of psilocybin after escitalopram or placebo pretreatment in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in healthy subjects

Becker, A. M., Holze, F., Grandinett, T. et al. · Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (2021)

Psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder

Doss, M. K., Považan, M., Rosenberg, M. D. et al. · Translational Psychiatry (2021)

249 cited
Psychedelics as Novel Therapeutics in Alzheimer’s Disease: Rationale and Potential Mechanisms

Garcia-Romeu, A., Darcy, S., Jackson, H. et al. · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences (2021)

From Psychiatry to Neurology: Psychedelics as Prospective Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disorders

Nichols, C. D., Wiatr, K., Figiel, M. et al. · Journal of Neurochemistry (2021)

63 cited
Communalistic use of psychoactive plants as a bridge between traditional healing practices and Western medicine: A new path for the Global Mental Health movement

Ona, G., Berrada, A., Bouso, J. C. · Transcultural Psychiatry (2021)

Serotonergic Psychedelics in Neural Plasticity

Torregrossa, M. M., Lu, J., Lukasiewicz, K. et al. · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience (2021)

Prolonged epigenomic and synaptic plasticity alterations following single exposure to a psychedelic in mice

De La, M., Revenga, F., Zhu, B. et al. · Cell Reports (2021)

167 cited
Psychedelics, sociality, and human evolution

Rodríguez Arce, J. M., Winkelman, M. J. · Frontiers in Psychology (2021)

Psychedelic mushrooms in the USA: Knowledge, patterns of use and association with health outcomes

Matzopoulos, R., Morlock, A., Morlock, R. et al. · MedRvix (2021)

Critical Period Plasticity as a Framework for Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy

Yehuda, R., Lepow, L., Morishita, H. · Frontiers in Neuroscience (2021)

Neuropsychological Functioning in Users of Serotonergic Psychedelics - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Basedow, L. A., Riemer, T. G., Reiche, S. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2021)

Improving cognitive functioning in major depressive disorder with psychedelics: a dimensional approach

Kuiperes, Z., Schreiber, R. · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (2021)

Cancer Healthcare Workers' Perceptions toward Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: A Preliminary Investigation

Reynolds, L. M, Stack, A., Akroyd, A., Sundram, F. et al. · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2021)

22 cited
Psychedelics for Brain Injury: A Mini-Review

Khan, S. I., Carter, G. T., Aggarwal, S. K. et al. · Frontiers in Neuroscience (2021)

Associations between ayahuasca consumption in naturalistic settings and current alcohol and drug use: Results of a large international cross-sectional survey

Perkins, D., Opaleye, E. S., Simonová, H. et al. · Drug and Alcohol Review (2021)

Does psychedelic therapy have a transdiagnostic action and prophylactic potential?

Kočárová, C., Horacek, J., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

73 cited
Role of the 5-HT2A receptor in acute effects of LSD on empathy and circulating oxytocin

Holze, F., Avedisian, I., Varghese, N. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2021)

Naturalistic Entheogenics: Précis of Philosophy of Psychedelics

Letheby, C. · Psyarxiv (2021)

2 cited
Psilocybin induces rapid and persistent growth of dendritic spines in frontal cortex in vivo

Shao, L-X,, Liao, C., Gregg, I. et al. · Neuron (2021)

Psychedelics alter metaphysical beliefs

Timmermann, C., Kettner, H., Letheby, C. et al. · Scientific Reports (2021)

Psilocybin as a Novel Pharmacotherapy for Treatment-Refractory Anorexia Nervosa

Rodan, S., Aouad, P., McGregor, I. S. et al. · OBM Neurobiology (2021)

LSD induces increased signalling entropy in rats' prefrontal cortex

Savino, A., Nichols, C. D. · Biorxiv (2021)

Cross-sectional associations between lifetime use of psychedelic drugs and psychometric measures during the COVID-19 confinement: A transcultural study

Bouso, J. C., Révész, D., Ona, G. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

26 cited
Psychedelic perceptions: mental health service user attitudes to psilocybin therapy

Corrigan, K., Haran, M., Mccandliss, C. et al. · Irish Journal of Medical Science (2021)

Psilocybin and MDMA for the treatment of trauma-related psychopathology

Bird, C. I. V., Modlin, N. L., Rucker, J. · International Review of Psychiatry (2021)

Catalysts for change: the cellular neurobiology of psychedelics

Bement, W., Banks, M. I., Zahid, Z. et al. · Molecular Biology of the Cell (2021)

31 cited
Psychedelics and health behaviour change

Teixeira, P. J., Johnson, M. W., Timmermann, C. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

An analog of psychedelics restores functional neural circuits disrupted by unpredictable stress

Lu, J., Tjia, M., Mullen, B. et al. · Molecular Psychiatry (2021)

Psychedelic-inspired drug discovery using an engineered biosensor

Dong, C., Ly, C., Dunlap, L. E. et al. · Cell (2021)

Can pragmatic research, real-world data and digital technologies aid the development of psychedelic medicine?

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Wagner, A. C., Agrawal, M. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

40 cited
Effects of Ayahuasca on the Recognition of Facial Expressions of Emotions in Naive Healthy Volunteers: A Pilot, Proof-of-Concept, Randomized Controlled Trial

Rocha, J. M., Rossi, G. N., de Lima Osório, F. et al. · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (2021)

37 cited
Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Giribaldi, B., Watts, R. et al. · New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

927 cited
Harnessing psilocybin: antidepressant-like behavioral and synaptic actions of psilocybin are independent of 5-HT2R activation in mice

Hesselgrave, N., Troppoli, T. A., Wulff, A. B. et al. · PNAS (2021)

Spontaneous and deliberate creative cognition during and after psilocybin exposure

Mason, N. L., Kuypers, K. P. C., Reckweg, J. T. et al. · Translational Psychiatry (2021)

86 cited
A Dendrite-Focused Framework for Understanding the Actions of Ketamine and Psychedelics

Savalia, N., Shao, L-X,, Kwan, A. C. · Trends in Neuroscience (2021)

98 cited
A qualitative and quantitative account of patient’s experiences of ketamine and its antidepressant properties

Sumner, R. L., Chacko, E., Mcmillan, R. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

51 cited
The Promise of Psychedelic Science

Olson, D. E. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2021)

Hallucinogenic/psychedelic 5HT2A receptor agonists as rapid antidepressant therapeutics: Evidence and mechanisms of action

Dos Santos, R. G., Hallak, J. E., Baker, G. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

Acute and Sustained Reductions in Loss of Meaning and Suicidal Ideation Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for Psychiatric and Existential Distress in Life-Threatening Cancer

Ross, E., Agin-Liebes, G. I., Zeifman, R. J. et al. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2021)

94 cited
On the Relationship between Classic Psychedelics and Suicidality: A Systematic Review

Zeifman, R. J., Singhal, N., Breslow, L. et al. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2021)

The DMT and Psilocin Treatment Changes CD11b+ Activated Microglia Immunological Phenotype

Kozłowska, U., Klimczak, A., Wiatr, K. et al. · Biorxiv (2021)

Psilocin acutely disrupts sleep and affects local but not global sleep homeostasis in laboratory mice

Thomas, C. W., Blanco-Duque, C., Breant, B. et al. · Translational Psychiatry (2021)

Anti-inflammatory activity of ayahuasca and its implications for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases

da Silva, M. G., Daros, G. C., de Bitencourt, R. M. · Behavioural Brain Research (2021)

15 cited
Positive expectations predict improved mental-health outcomes linked to psychedelic microdosing

Kaertner, L. S., Steinborn, M. B., Kettner, H. et al. · Scientific Reports (2021)

112 cited
Classic serotonergic psychedelics for mood and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of mood disorder patients and healthy participants

Galvão-Coelho, N. L., Marx, W., Sinclair, J. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2021)

Psychedelic Medicines in Major Depression: Progress and Future Challenges

Bouso, J. C., Ona, G., Dos Santos, R. G. et al. · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (2021)

The Subjective Effects of Psychedelics Are Necessary for Their Enduring Therapeutic Effects

Yaden, D. B., Griffiths, R. R. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2020)

The Subjective Effects of Psychedelics May Not Be Necessary for Their Enduring Therapeutic Effects

Olson, D. E. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2020)

A non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogue with therapeutic potential

Cameron, L. P., Tombari, R. J., Lu, J. et al. · Nature (2020)

70 cited
Psilocybin-Assisted Group Therapy and Attachment: Observed Reduction in Attachment Anxiety and Influences of Attachment Insecurity on the Psilocybin Experience

Stauffer, C., Anderson, B. T., Ortigo, K. M. et al. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2020)

51 cited
The History of Psychedelics in Psychiatry

Nichols, D. E., Walter, H. · Pharmacopsychiatry (2020)

The Effects of Daytime Psilocybin Administration on Sleep: Implications for Antidepressant Action

Dudysová, D., Janků, K., Šmotek, M. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2020)

25 cited
Ketamine and Serotonergic Psychedelics: Common Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants

Kadriu, B., Greenwald, M., Ba et al. · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

Pivotal Mental States

Brouwer, A., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2020)

Acute dose-dependent effects of lysergic acid diethylamide in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects

Holze, F., Vizeli, P., Ley, L. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

192 cited
Psychedelic drugs: neurobiology and potential for treatment of psychiatric disorders

Vollenweider, F. X., Preller, K. H. · Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2020)

Transient Stimulation with Psychoplastogens Is Sufficient to Initiate Neuronal Growth

Greb, A. C., Vargas, M. V., Duim, W. C. et al. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2020)

Low Doses of LSD Acutely Increase BDNF Blood Plasma Levels in Healthy Volunteers

Hutten, N. R. P. W., Mason, N. L., Dolder, P. C. et al. · ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science (2020)

Psychedelic science in post-COVID-19 psychiatry

Kelly, J. R., Crockett, M. T., Alexander, L. et al. · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine (2020)

Psychedelics and virtual reality: parallels and applications

Aday, J. S., Davoli, C. C., Bloesch, E. K. · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology (2020)

A potential role for psilocybin in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Jacobs, E. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2020)

Me, myself, bye: regional alterations in glutamate and the experience of ego dissolution with psilocybin

Mason, N. L., Kuypers, K. P. C., Reckweg, J. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

Psilocybin and LSD Have No Long-Lasting Effects in an Animal Model of Alcohol Relapse

Meinhardt, M. W., Güngör, C., Skorodumov, I. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

Correlation between the potency of hallucinogens in the mouse head-twitch response assay and their behavioral and subjective effects in other species

Halberstadt, A. L., Chatha, M., Klein, A. K. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2020)

210 cited
A Single Administration of the Atypical Psychedelic Ibogaine or Its Metabolite Noribogaine Induces an Antidepressant-Like Effect in Rats

Rodríguez, P., Urbanavicius, J., Prieto, J. P. et al. · ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2020)

Psychedelic Psychiatry’s Brave New World

Nutt, D. J., Erritzoe, D., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Cell (2020)

A review of emerging therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses

Chi, T., Gold, J. A. · Journal of the Neurological Sciences (2020)

73 cited
Depression, Mindfulness, and Psilocybin: Possible Complementary Effects of Mindfulness Meditation and Psilocybin in the Treatment of Depression. A Review

Heuschkel, K., Kuypers, K. P. C. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020)

63 cited
Dissolving the self: Active inference, psychedelics, and ego-dissolution

Deane, G. · Philosophy and the Mind Sciences (2020)

Long-term effects of psychedelic drugs: A systematic review

Aday, J. S., Mitzkovitz, C. M., Bloesch, E. K. et al. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2020)

Reviewing the potential of psychedelics for the treatment of PTSD

Krediet, E., Bostoen, T., Breeksema, J. J. et al. · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

Natural Psychoplastogens As Antidepressant Agents

Benko, J., Vranková, S. · Molecules (2020)

Emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin

Barrett, F. S., Doss, M. K., Sepeda, N. D. et al. · Scientific Reports (2020)

Acute effects of psilocybin on glutamate concentration levels, functional connectivity and subjective state

Mason, N. L., Feilding, A., Ramaekers, J. G. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

Persisting Reductions in Cannabis, Opioid, and Stimulant Misuse After Naturalistic Psychedelic Use: An Online Survey

Garcia-Romeu, A., Davis, A. K., Griffiths, R. R. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020)

121 cited
Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for psychiatric and existential distress in patients with life-threatening cancer

Agin-Liebes, G. I., Malone, T., Yalch, M. M. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2020)

292 cited
Psilocybin-assisted therapy of major depressive disorder using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a therapeutic frame

Sloshower, J., Guss, J., Krause, R. et al. · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (2020)

Therapeutic use of serotoninergic hallucinogens: A review of the evidence and of the biological and psychological mechanisms

Dos Santos, R. G., Hallak, J. E. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2020)

The Impact of Ayahuasca on Suicidality: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Araújo, D. B., Zeifman, R. J., Palhano-Fontes, F. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2019)

96 cited
Distinct acute effects of LSD, MDMA, and D-amphetamine in healthy subjects.

Holze, F., Vizeli, P., Müller, F. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2019)

214 cited
Acute Subjective and Behavioral Effects of Microdoses of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in Healthy Human Volunteers

Bershad, A. K., Schepers, S. T., Bremmer, M. P. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2019)

Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat

Smigielski, L., Kometer, M., Scheidegger, M. et al. · Scientific Reports (2019)

126 cited
Breakthrough for trauma treatment: safety and efficacy of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy compared to paroxetine and sertraline

Feduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Yazar-Klosinski, B. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2019)

Psilocybin-assisted mindfulness training modulates self-consciousness and brain default mode network connectivity with lasting effects

Smigielski, L., Scheidegger, M., Kometer, M. et al. · NeuroImage (2019)

REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Friston, K. J. · Pharmacological Reviews (2019)

Modulation of Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor by a Single Dose of Ayahuasca: Observation From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Galvão-Coelho, N. L., de Almeida, R. N., de Menezes Galvão, A. C. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2019)

Psychedelic drugs-a new era in psychiatry?

Nutt, D. J. · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (2019)

Psychedelics as a treatment for disorders of consciousness

Scott, G., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Neuroscience of Consciousness (2019)

Psychedelic medicine: The biology underlying the persisting psychedelic effects

Kuypers, K. P. C. · Medical Hypotheses (2019)

Ibogaine Administration Modifies GDNF and BDNF Expression in Brain Regions Involved in Mesocorticolimbic and Nigral Dopaminergic Circuits.

Lason, W., Carnicella, S., Mash, D. C. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2019)

Chronic, Intermittent Microdoses of the Psychedelic N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) Produce Positive Effects on Mood and Anxiety in Rodents

Cameron, L. P., Benson, C. J., Defelice, B. C. et al. · ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2019)

Long-lasting analgesic effect of the psychedelic drug changa: A case report

Ona, G., Troncoso, S. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2019)

How do psychedelics work?

Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Current Opinion in Psychiatry (2019)

An exploratory study of experiences with conventional eating disorder treatment and ceremonial ayahuasca for the healing of eating disorders

Renelli, M., Fletcher, J., Tupper, K. W. et al. · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity (2018)

68 cited
Psychoplastogens: A Promising Class of Plasticity-Promoting Neurotherapeutics

Olson, J. A. · Neuroscience Insights (2018)

Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: a systematic review of systematic reviews

Dos Santos, R. G., Bouso, J. C., Hallak, J. E. · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology (2018)

191 cited
Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)

Cameron, L. P. · ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2018)

Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

Dunlap, L. E., Andrews, A. M. · ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2018)

A case report SPECT study and theoretical rationale for the sequential administration of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT in the treatment of alcohol use disorder

Barsuglia, J. P., Polanco, M., Palmer, R. et al. · Progress in Brain Research (2018)

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Psychedelics promote structural and functional... — Research Summary & Context | Blossom