The Altered States Database: Psychometric data from a systematic literature review

This paper (2022) presents the development of the Altered State Database (ASDB). The ASDB was developed through a systematic literature review of psychometric questionnaire data on subjective experiences of altered states of consciousness (ASC). The ASDB allows for the calculation of comparable psychometric values of ASC experiences and of dose-response relationships of substances inducing ASC.

Authors

  • Prugger, J.
  • Derdiyok, E.
  • Dinkelacker, J.

Published

Scientific Data
meta Study

Abstract

In this paper, we present the development of the Altered States Database (ASDB), an open-science project based on a systematic literature review. The ASDB contains psychometric questionnaire data on subjective experiences of altered states of consciousness (ASC) induced by pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. The systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Scientific journal articles were identified through PubMed and Web of Science. We included studies that examined ASC using the following validated questionnaires: Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (APZ, 5D-ASC, 11-ASC), Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI), Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS), or Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30). The systematic review resulted in the inclusion of a total of 165 journal articles, whereof questionnaire data was extracted and is now available on the Open Science Framework (OSF) website and on the ASDB website, where questionnaire data can be easily retrieved and visualized. This data allows the calculation of comparable psychometric values of ASC experiences and of dose-response relationships of substances inducing ASC.

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Research Summary of 'The Altered States Database: Psychometric data from a systematic literature review'

Introduction

Earlier research has increased interest in systematically measuring altered states of consciousness (ASC), which are transient mental states characterised by marked changes in perception, self-experience, time, and sensation and which can be induced pharmacologically (for example by psychedelics) or non-pharmacologically (for example by meditation or sensory deprivation). Standardised, validated questionnaires have been developed to quantify the subjective phenomenology of ASC and to allow comparison across induction methods, study designs, and participant groups. Interest has recently intensified because of both basic science questions about consciousness and clinical trials exploring therapeutic uses of psychedelic drugs. Prugger and colleagues aimed to assemble and harmonise published psychometric questionnaire data on ASC into an open, reusable resource: the Altered States Database (ASDB). The project sought to identify all journal articles reporting questionnaire-based measurements of ASC, extract group-level summary statistics (means, standard deviations) for questionnaire factors and dimensions, and make these data available via the Open Science Framework and a dedicated ASDB website to support cross-study comparisons and dose–response analyses. This paper reports the systematic review methods, the extracted dataset, and the organisation and technical validation of the database.

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Study Details

  • Study Type
    meta
  • Journal
    Scientific Data
  • APA Citation

    Prugger, J., Derdiyok, E., Dinkelacker, J., Costines, C., & Schmidt, T. T. (2022). The Altered States Database: Psychometric data from a systematic literature review. Scientific Data, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01822-4

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