SchizophreniaNeuroimaging & Brain MeasuresHealthy VolunteersPsilocybin

Finding the self by losing the self: Neural correlates of ego-dissolution under psilocybin

This single-blind placebo-controlled fMRI study (n=15) details the neural correlates of ego-dissolution. A correlation was found between decreased functional connectivity (FC), between the medial temporal lobe and high-level cortical regions, and ego dissolution.

Authors

  • Robin Carhart-Harris
  • David Nutt
  • Amanda Feilding

Published

Human Brain Mapping
individual Study

Abstract

Ego-disturbances have been a topic in schizophrenia research since the earliest clinical descriptions of the disorder. Manifesting as a feeling that one's “self,” “ego,” or “I” is disintegrating or that the border between one's self and the external world is dissolving, “ego-disintegration” or “dissolution” is also an important feature of the psychedelic experience, such as is produced by psilocybin (a compound found in “magic mushrooms”). Fifteen healthy subjects took part in this placebo-controlled study. Twelve-minute functional MRI scans were acquired on two occasions: subjects received an intravenous infusion of saline on one occasion (placebo) and 2 mg psilocybin on the other. Twenty-two visual analogue scale ratings were completed soon after scanning and the first principal component of these, dominated by items referring to “ego-dissolution”, was used as a primary measure of interest in subsequent analyses. Employing methods of connectivity analysis and graph theory, an association was found between psilocybin-induced ego-dissolution and decreased functional connectivity between the medial temporal lobe and high-level cortical regions. Ego-dissolution was also associated with a “disintegration” of the salience network and reduced interhemispheric communication. Addressing baseline brain dynamics as a predictor of drug-response, individuals with lower diversity of executive network nodes were more likely to experience ego-dissolution under psilocybin. These results implicate MTL-cortical decoupling, decreased salience network integrity, and reduced interhemispheric communication in psilocybin-induced ego disturbance and suggest that the maintenance of “self” or “ego,” as a perceptual phenomenon, may rest on the normal functioning of these systems.

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Research Summary of 'Finding the self by losing the self: Neural correlates of ego-dissolution under psilocybin'

Introduction

Lebedev and colleagues frame the self as a multifaceted construct—encompassing self-awareness, agency, ownership, multimodal integration and narrative identity—that can be disrupted in states such as acute psychosis, temporal lobe epilepsy auras and mystical experiences. Previous work implicates medial temporal lobe (MTL) circuitry (including the parahippocampal cortex, PHC), the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network in aspects of self-related processing, and earlier neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies have reported MTL abnormalities and altered DMN dynamics under psychedelics such as psilocybin. The authors note that ego-dissolution under psychedelics offers an experimentally tractable perturbation for probing the neural bases of selfhood and its disturbances, and they situate their approach within contemporary Bayesian/free-energy accounts of hierarchical brain function. The present study set out to identify large-scale network changes associated with psilocybin-induced ego-dissolution. Using graph-theoretical and connectivity methods applied to resting-state fMRI, the investigators tested specific hypotheses that parahippocampal–neocortical decoupling and altered DMN or salience network integrity would be related to subjective reports of ego-loss. They also explored whether baseline network metrics might predict individual susceptibility to ego-dissolution under psilocybin. The study therefore combines hypothesis-driven ROI analyses with whole-brain, hypothesis-free network approaches to examine both state changes and baseline predictors.

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Study Details

References (19)

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