Trial PaperPTSDAnxiety DisordersNeurocognitive DisordersSafety & Risk ManagementMDMA

The safety and efficacy of ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study

In the first randomised controlled pilot trial, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy produced significantly greater reductions in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores than placebo in 20 patients with chronic, treatment‑resistant post‑traumatic stress disorder (83% response vs 25%). There were no drug‑related serious adverse events, adverse neurocognitive effects or clinically significant blood pressure increases, suggesting MDMA may be a safe and effective adjunct to psychotherapy in refractory PTSD.

Authors

  • Rick Doblin
  • Michael Mithoefer
  • Lisa Jerome

Published

Journal of Psychopharmacology
individual Study

Abstract

Case reports indicate that psychiatrists administered ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as a catalyst to psychotherapy before recreational use of MDMA as ‘Ecstasy’ resulted in its criminalization in 1985. Over two decades later, this study is the first completed clinical trial evaluating MDMA as a therapeutic adjunct. Twenty patients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder, refractory to both psychotherapy and psychopharmacology, were randomly assigned to psychotherapy with concomitant active drug ( n = 12) or inactive placebo ( n = 8) administered during two 8-h experimental psychotherapy sessions. Both groups received preparatory and follow-up non-drug psychotherapy. The primary outcome measure was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, administered at baseline, 4 days after each experimental session, and 2 months after the second session. Neurocognitive testing, blood pressure, and temperature monitoring were performed. After 2-month follow-up, placebo subjects were offered the option to re-enroll in the experimental procedure with open-label MDMA. Decrease in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores from baseline was significantly greater for the group that received MDMA than for the placebo group at all three time points after baseline. The rate of clinical response was 10/12 (83%) in the active treatment group versus 2/8 (25%) in the placebo group. There were no drug-related serious adverse events, adverse neurocognitive effects or clinically significant blood pressure increases. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy can be administered to posttraumatic stress disorder patients without evidence of harm, and it may be useful in patients refractory to other treatments.

Available with Blossom Pro

Research Summary of 'The safety and efficacy of ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study'

Introduction

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is described as a chronic, debilitating anxiety disorder with high prevalence and limited treatment effectiveness. Mithoefer and colleagues note that existing pharmacotherapies (notably SSRIs) and psychotherapies produce meaningful benefit for many patients but leave 25%–50% of trial participants with inadequate response; combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy data are limited and mixed. Given the substantial unmet need, the authors introduce MDMA as a pharmacological adjunct that was historically used to facilitate psychotherapy and which, in modern Phase I work, has demonstrated an acute subjective profile of reduced fear, increased sociability and preserved clarity of consciousness. This pilot Phase II study set out to test two linked hypotheses: that MDMA could be administered without harm to carefully screened patients with chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD, and that when paired with manualised psychotherapy it would produce greater reductions in PTSD symptom severity than the same psychotherapy with inactive placebo. The trial therefore evaluates safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in this population, and gathers feasibility data for future trials.

Expert Research Summaries

Go Pro to access AI-powered section-by-section summaries, editorial takes, and the full research toolkit.

See Pro PlansAlready have an account? Sign in

Full Text PDF

Full Paper PDF

Create a free account to open full-text PDFs.

Create Free AccountAlready have an account? Sign in

Study Details

References (3)

Papers cited by this study that are also in Blossom

Increased oxytocin concentrations and prosocial feelings in humans after ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) administration

Dumont, G., Sweep, F., van der Steen, R. et al. · Social Neuroscience (2009)

230 cited
Acute psychological effects of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA,“Ecstasy”) are attenuated by the serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram

Liechti, M. E., Baumann, C., Gamma, A. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2000)

262 cited
Gender differences in the subjective effects of MDMA

Liechti, M. E., Gamma, A., Vollenweider, F. X. · Psychopharmacology (2001)

349 cited

Cited By (116)

Papers in Blossom that reference this study

Subjective and neurocognitive profiling of clinical doses of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in healthy volunteers: implications for therapeutic use

Ramaekers, J. G., Kuypers, K. P. C., Vollenweider, F. X. · Molecular Psychiatry (2026)

A living systematic review, meta-analysis, and open data resource of trials of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD

Sevchik, B. L., Singleton, S. P., Lahey, A. et al. · MedRvix (2026)

Magnitude of Response in Treatment and Control Groups within Psychedelic Trials for Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

Meshkat, S., Lin, Q., Sousa-Ho, R. et al. · European Psychiatry (2026)

Quality of reporting on psychological interventions in psychedelic treatments: a systematic review

Seybert, C., Schimmers, N., Silva, L. et al. · Lancet (2024)

Reconsidering evidence for psychedelic-induced psychosis: an overview of reviews, a systematic review, and meta-analysis of human studies

Sabé, M., Sulstarova, A., Glangetas, A. et al. · Molecular Psychiatry (2024)

Global Trends in Psychedelic Microdosing: Demographics, Substance Testing Behavior, and Patterns of Use

Syed, O. A., Petranker, R., Fewster, E. C. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2024)

The conceptual framework for the therapeutic approach used in phase 3 trials of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD

O'Donnell, K., Okano, L., Alpert, M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychology (2024)

23 cited
Rapid Effects of MDMA Administration on Self-Reported Personality Traits and Affect State: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults

Maples-Keller, J. L., Hyatt, C. S., Phillips, N. L. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2024)

Side-effects of mdma-assisted psychotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Colcott, J., Guerin, A. A., Carter, O. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2024)

Older adults in psychedelic-assisted therapy trials: A systematic review

Bouchet, L., Sager, Z., Yrondi, A. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2024)

Show all 116 papers
Preliminary evidence for the importance of therapeutic alliance in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder

Zeifman, R. J., Kettner, H., Ross, S. et al. · European Journal of Psychotraumatology (2024)

27 cited
Neuroimaging in psychedelic drug development: Past, present, and future

Wall, M. B., Harding, R., Zafar, R. et al. · Molecular Psychiatry (2023)

MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: Growing evidence for memory effects mediating treatment efficacy

Sarmanlu, M., Kuypers, K. P. C., Vizeli, P. et al. · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (2023)

Dark loops: contagion effects, consistency and chemosocial matrices in psychedelic-assisted therapy trials

Noorani, T. N., Bedi, G., Muthukumaraswamy, S. · Psychological Medicine (2023)

21 cited
Perceived key change phenomena of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of severe PTSD: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of clinical integration sessions

Godes, M., Lucas, J., Vermetten, E. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2023)

MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD in adolescents: rationale, potential, risks, and considerations

Kangaslampi, S., Zijlmans, J. · European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2023)

Prevalence and therapeutic impact of adverse life event reexperiencing under ceremonial ayahuasca

Weiss, B., Wingert, A., Erritzoe, D. et al. · Scientific Reports (2023)

Dosing and Therapeutic Conduct in Administration Sessions in Substance-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Systematized Review

Thal, S. B., Wieberneit, M., Sharbanee, J. M. et al. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2023)

4 cited
Can psychedelics enhance group psychotherapy? A discussion on the therapeutic factors

Ponomarenko, P., Seragnoli, F., Calder, A. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2023)

Examining associations between MDMA/ecstasy and classic psychedelic use and impairments in social functioning in a U.S. adult sample

Jones, G. M., Lipson, J., Wang, E. · Scientific Reports (2023)

Prospective associations of psychedelic treatment for co-occurring alcohol misuse and posttraumatic stress symptoms among United States Special Operations Forces Veterans

Armstrong, S. B., Xin, Y., Sepeda, N. D. et al. · Military Medicine (2023)

Altered brain activity and functional connectivity after MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder

Singleton, S. P., Wang, J. B., Mithoefer, A. T. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2023)

48 cited
MDMA-assisted therapy is associated with a reduction in chronic pain among people with post-traumatic stress disorder

Christie, D., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Nosova, E. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2022)

7 cited
Therapeutic (Sub)stance: Current practice and therapeutic conduct in preparatory sessions in substance-assisted psychotherapy-A systematized review

Thal, S. B., Wieberneit, M., Sharbanee, J. M. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

Adverse events in clinical treatments with serotonergic psychedelics and MDMA: A mixed-methods systematic review

Breeksema, J. J., Kuin, B. W., Kamphuis, J. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use on 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-Assisted Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Price, C., Feduccia, A. A., DeBonis, K. · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (2022)

9 cited
Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine on Conditioned Fear Extinction and Retention in a Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects

Vizeli, P., Straumann, I., Duthaler, U. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2022)

Models of Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Contemporary Assessment and an Introduction to EMBARK, a Transdiagnostic, Trans-Drug Model

Belser, A. B. · Frontiers in Psychology (2022)

57 cited
Interest in receiving psychedelic-assisted therapy among marginalized women: Implications and findings from a community-based study in Canada

Argento, E., Goldenberg, S., Deering, K. et al. · Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2022)

4 cited
Using a MDMA- and LSD-Group Therapy Model in Clinical Practice in Switzerland and Highlighting the Treatment of Trauma-Related Disorders

Oehen, P., Gasser, P. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2022)

Drug-drug interactions between psychiatric medications and MDMA or psilocybin: a systematic review

Sarparast, A., Thomas, K., Malcolm, B. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2022)

MDMA and memory, addiction, and depression: dose-effect analysis

Pantoni, M. M., Kim, J. L., Van Alstyne, K. R. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2022)

The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)

Reckweg, J., Uthaug, M. V., Szabo, A. et al. · Journal of Neurochemistry (2022)

The Psychedelic Renaissance in Clinical Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Three Decades of Human Studies with Classical Psychedelics

Hadar, A., David, J., Shalit, N. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2022)

Overcoming epistemic injustices in the biomedical study of ayahuasca: Towards ethical and sustainable regulation

Schenberg, E. E., Gerber, K. · Transcultural Psychiatry (2022)

MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use are associated with lowered odds of psychological distress and suicidal thoughts in a sample of US adults

Jones, G. M., Nock, M. K. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2022)

Psychedelic-Inspired Approaches for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders

Olson, D. E. · Journal of Neurochemistry (2021)

A Qualitative Exploration of Relational Ethical Challenges and Practices in Psychedelic Healing

Brennan, W., Jackson, M. A., MacLean, K. A. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2021)

34 cited
A Nationwide Study Comparing Mental Health Professionals' Willingness to Try Hallucinogenic Drugs in Basic Research or Clinical Practice

Ginati, Y. D., Ben-Sheetrit, J., Lev-Ran, S. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2021)

5 cited
Does psychedelic therapy have a transdiagnostic action and prophylactic potential?

Kočárová, C., Horacek, J., Carhart-Harris, R. L. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

73 cited
Serotonin toxicity of serotonergic psychedelics

Malcolm, B., Thomas, K. · Psychopharmacology (2021)

Psychedelics as a Training Experience for Psychedelic Therapists: Drawing on History to Inform Current Practice

Nielson, E. M. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2021)

Sleep Quality Improvements After MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Ponte, L., Jerome, L., Hamilton, S. et al. · Journal of Traumatic Stress (2021)

22 cited
Prediction of MDMA response in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of placebo-controlled studies

Studerus, E., Vizeli, P., Harder, S. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

50 cited
First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder

Sessa, B., Higbed, L., Durant, C. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2021)

The History of Psychedelics in Psychiatry

Nichols, D. E., Walter, H. · Pharmacopsychiatry (2020)

MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of anxiety and other psychological distress related to life-threatening illnesses: a randomized pilot study

Wolfson, P. E., Andries, J., Feduccia, A. A. et al. · Scientific Reports (2020)

99 cited
The cost-effectiveness of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD

Marseille, E., Kahn, J. G., Yazar-Klosinski, B. et al. · PLOS ONE (2020)

Acute subjective effects in LSD- and MDMA-assisted psychotherapy

Schmid, Y., Gasser, P., Oehen, P. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2020)

72 cited
The Emerging Role of Psilocybin and MDMA in the Treatment of Mental Illness

Gill, H., Gill, B., Chen-Li, D. et al. · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics (2020)

Efficacy of Psychoactive Drugs for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of MDMA, Ketamine, LSD and Psilocybin

Varker, T., Watson, L., Gibson, K. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2020)

A Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy

Luoma, J. B., Chwyl, C., Bathje, G. J. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2020)

168 cited
Integrating psychotherapy and psychopharmacology: psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy and other combined treatments

Greenway, K. T., Garel, N., Jerome, L. et al. · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology (2020)

Reviewing the potential of psychedelics for the treatment of PTSD

Krediet, E., Bostoen, T., Breeksema, J. J. et al. · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2020)

In vivo effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its deuterated form in rodents: Drug discrimination and thermoregulation.

Berquist, M. D., Leth-Petersen, S., Kristensen, J. L. et al. · Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2020)

5 cited
Posttraumatic Growth After MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Gorman, I., Belser, A. B., Jerome, L. et al. · Journal of Traumatic Stress (2020)

31 cited
Efficacy of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bahji, A., Forsyth, A., Groll, D. et al. · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (2020)

61 cited
Self-Rated Effectiveness of Microdosing With Psychedelics for Mental and Physical Health Problems Among Microdosers

Hutten, N. P. W., Mason, N. L., Dolder, P. C. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2019)

Breakthrough for trauma treatment: safety and efficacy of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy compared to paroxetine and sertraline

Feduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Yazar-Klosinski, B. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2019)

First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder: preliminary data on the first four participants

Sessa, B., Sakal, C., O'Brien S. et al. · BMJ Case Reports (2019)

Effects of MDMA on attention to positive social cues and pleasantness of affective touch

Bershad, A. K., Mayo, L. M., Van Hedger, K. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2019)

Embracing Neurodiversity in Psychedelic Science: A Mixed-Methods Inquiry into the MDMA Experiences of Autistic Adults

Danforth, A. L. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2019)

10 cited
Combining Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD with 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): A Case Example

Wagner, A. C., Mithoefer, M. C., Mithoefer, A. T. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2019)

Perceived benefits of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy beyond symptom reduction: qualitative follow-up study of a clinical trial for individuals with treatment-resistant PTSD

Barone, W., Beck, J., Mitsunaga-Whitten, M. et al. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2019)

46 cited
Greater empathy in MDMA users

Carlyle, M., Stevens, T., Fawaz, L. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2019)

Neuroimaging of chronic MDMA (“ecstasy”) effects: A meta-analysis

Müller, F., Brändle, R., Liechti, M. E. et al. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2019)

Role of serotonin transporter and receptor gene variations in the acute effects of MDMA in healthy subjects

Vizeli, P., Meyer Zu Schwabedissen, H. E., Liechti, M. E. · ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2018)

The influence of therapists’ first-hand experience with psychedelics on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy research and therapist training

Nielson, E. M., Guss, J. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2018)

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress dis - order: a randomized phase 2 controlled trial

Ot'alora G, M., Grigsby, J., Poulter, B. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2018)

182 cited
Psychedelics and music: neuroscience and therapeutic implications

Barrett, F. S., Preller, K. H., Kaelen, M. · International Review of Psychiatry (2018)

Reduction in social anxiety after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with autistic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

Danforth, A. L., Grob, C. S., Struble, C. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2018)

196 cited
A Gratuitous Grace: The Influence of Religious Set and Intent on the Psychedelic Experience

Neitzke-Spruill, L., Glasser, C. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2018)

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research and Development

Schenberg, E. E. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

Oxytocin receptor gene variations and socio-emotional effects of MDMA: A pooled analysis of controlled studies in healthy subjects

Vizeli, P., Liechti, M. E. · PLOS ONE (2018)

31 cited
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: are memory reconsolidation and fear extinction underlying mechanisms?

Feduccia, A. A., Mithoefer, M. C. · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (2018)

A Survey of American Psychiatrists’ Attitudes Toward Classic Hallucinogens

Barnett, B. S., Siu, W. O., Pope Jr, H. G. · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (2018)

Mental health of a self-selected sample of psychedelic users and self-medication practices with psychedelics

Mason, N. L., Kuypers, K. P. C. · Journal of Psychedelic Studies (2018)

Psilocybin and MDMA reduce costly punishment in the Ultimatum Game

Gabay, A. S., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Mazibuko, N. et al. · Scientific Reports (2018)

Are Ecstasy Induced Serotonergic Alterations Overestimated For The Majority Of Users?

Szigeti, B., Winstock, A. R., Erritzoe, D. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2018)

Effects of N, N-Dimethyltryptamine on Rat Behaviors Relevant to Anxiety and Depression

Cameron, L. P., Benson, C. J., Dunlap, L. E. · ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2018)

Psychedelics: Where we are now, why we got here, what we must do

Belouin, S. J., Henningfield, J. E. · Neuropharmacology (2018)

The hidden therapist: evidence for a central role of music in psychedelic therapy

Kaelen, M., Giribaldi, B., Raine, J. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2018)

213 cited
Separating the agony from ecstasy: R(-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine has prosocial and therapeutic-like effects without signs of neurotoxicity in mice

Curry, D. W., Young, M. B., Tran, A. N. et al. · Neuropharmacology (2017)

Does psychedelic drug use reduce risk of suicidality? Evidence from a longitudinal community-based cohort of marginalised women in a Canadian setting

Argento, E., Strathdee, S. A., Tupper, K. et al. · BMJ Open (2017)

48 cited
Psychedelic pleasures: An affective understanding of the joys of tripping

Bøhling, F. · International Journal of Drug Policy (2017)

Serotonin and brain function: a tale of two receptors

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Nutt, D. J. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2017)

Developing Guidelines and Competencies for the Training of Psychedelic Therapists

Phelps, J. · Journal of Humanistic Psychology (2017)

Therapeutic effect of increased openness: investigating mechanism of action in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy

Wagner, M. T., Mithoefer, M. C., Mithoefer, A. T. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2017)

147 cited
Lifetime experience with (classic) psychedelics predicts pro-environmental behavior through an increase in nature relatedness

Forstmann, M., Sagioglou, C. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2017)

134 cited
Acute effects of LSD on amygdala activity during processing of fearful stimuli in healthy subjects

Mueller, F., Lenz, C., Dolder, P. C. et al. · Translational Psychiatry (2017)

Pharmacogenetics of ecstasy: CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP2B6 polymorphisms moderate pharmacokinetics of MDMA in healthy subjects

Vizeli, P., Schmid, Y., Prestin, K. et al. · European Neuropsychopharmacology (2017)

Safety pharmacology of acute MDMA administration in healthy subjects

Vizeli, P., Liechti, M. E. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2017)

Altered insula connectivity under MDMA

Walpola, I. C., Nest, T., Leor, R. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2017)

The association of psychedelic use and opioid use disorders among illicit users in the United States

Pisano, V. D., Putnam, N. P., Kramer, H. M. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2017)

The effects of MDMA on socio-emotional processing: Does MDMA differ from other stimulants?

Bershad, A. K., Miller, M. A., Baggot, M. J. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2016)

A Public-Health-Based Vision for the Management and Regulation of Psychedelics

Haden, M., Emerson, B., Tupper, K. W. · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs (2016)

28 cited
MDMA and PTSD treatment:“PTSD: from novel pathophysiology to innovative therapeutics”

Sessa, B. · Neuroscience Letters (2016)

LSD acutely impairs fear recognition and enhances emotional empathy and sociality

Dolder, P. C., Schmid, Y., Müller, F. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2016)

Treating posttraumatic stress disorder with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy: A preliminary meta-analysis and comparison to prolonged exposure therapy

Amoroso, T., Workman, M. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2016)

Psychedelics

Nichols, D. E. · Pharmacological Reviews (2016)

Oxytocin receptor gene variation predicts subjective responses to MDMA

Bershad, A. K., Weafer, J. J., Kirkpatrick, M. G. et al. · Social Neuroscience (2016)

MDMA-assisted therapy: A new treatment model for social anxiety in autistic adults

Danforth, A. L., Struble, C., Yazar-Klosinski, B. et al. · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (2016)

Neuroimaging in moderate MDMA use: A systematic review

Mueller, F., Lenz, C., Steiner, M. et al. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2015)

Psychedelic medicine: a re-emerging therapeutic paradigm

Tupper, K. W., Wood, E., Yensen, R. et al. · Canadian Medical Association Journal (2015)

The prosocial effects of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): controlled studies in humans and laboratory animals

Kamilar-Britt, P., Bedi, G. · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2015)

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine facilitates fear extinction learning

Young, M. B., Andero, R., Ressler, K. J. et al. · Translational Psychiatry (2015)

Intimate insight: MDMA changes how people talk about significant others

Baggot, M. J., Kirkpatrick, M. G., Bedi, G. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2015)

53 cited
Prosocial effects of MDMA: A measure of generosity

Kirkpatrick, M. G., Delton, A. W., de Wit, H. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2015)

68 cited
Recreational 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) or ‘ecstasy’ and self-focused compassion: Preliminary steps in the development of a therapeutic psychopharmacology of contemplative practices

Kamboj, S. K., Kilford, E. J., Minchin, S. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2015)

Acute Effects of the Novel Psychoactive Drug 2C-B on Emotions

González, D., Torrens, M., Farré, M. · BioMed Research International (2015)

56 cited
Making a medicine out of MDMA

Sessa, B., Nutt, D. J. · British Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

A window into the intoxicated mind? Speech as an index of psychoactive drug effects

Bedi, G., Cecchi, G. A., Slezak, D. F. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2014)

89 cited
Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study

Mithoefer, M. C., Wagner, M. T., Mithoefer, A. T. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2012)

346 cited
A randomized, controlled pilot study of MDMA (±3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)- assisted psychotherapy for treatment of resistant, chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Oehen, P., Traber, R., Widmer, V. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2012)

328 cited
Effects of MDMA alone and after pretreatment with reboxetine, duloxetine, clonidine, carvedilol, and doxazosin on pupillary light reflex

Hysek, C. M., Liechti, M. E. · Psychopharmacology (2012)

62 cited
Residual neurocognitive features of long-term ecstasy users with minimal exposure to other drugs

Halpern, J. H., Sherwood, A. R., Hudson, J. I. et al. · Addiction (2011)

93 cited

Your Personal Research Library

Go Pro to save papers, add notes, rate studies, and organize your research into custom shelves.

See Pro PlansSign in
The safety and efficacy of... — Research Summary & Context | Blossom