A Bayesian Reanalysis of a Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression
Bari, B. A., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Erritzoe, D., Giribaldi, B., Nayak, S., Nutt, D. J., Peill, J. M., Rosas, F. E., Spriggs, M. J., Yaden, D. B.
This preprint (2022) reanalyses the data of a clinical trial in which the effects of psilocybin were compared to that of the SSRI escitalopram for major depressive disorder. Bayesian secondary found indeterminate evidence that psilocybin is superior that escitalopram using the QIDS SR-16 while strong evidence favoured psilocybin when using the BDI-1D and MADRS and extremely strong evidence when using the HAMD-17. The results support the idea that psilocybin outperformed escitalopram but was not clinically meaningful and, psilocybin is almost certainly non-inferior to escitalopram.
Abstract
Objectives: To perform a Bayesian reanalysis of a recent trial of psilocybin (COMP360) versus escitalopram for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in order to provide a more informative interpretation of the indeterminate outcome of a previous frequentist analysis.Design: Reanalysis of a two-arm double-blind placebo-controlled trial.Participants: Fifty-nine patients with MDD. Interventions: Two doses of psilocybin 25mg and daily oral placebo versus daily escitalopram and 2 doses of psilocybin 1mg, with psychological support for both groups. Outcome measures: Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (QIDS SR-16), and three other depression scales as secondary outcomes: HAMD-17, MADRS, and BDI-1A.Results: Using Bayes factors and ‘sceptical priors’ which bias estimates towards zero, for the hypothesis that psilocybin is superior by any margin, we found indeterminate evidence for QIDS SR-16, strong evidence for BDI-1A and MADRS, and extremely strong evidence for HAMD-17. For the stronger hypothesis that psilocybin is superior by a ‘clinically meaningful amount’ (using literature-defined values of the minimally clinically important difference), we found moderate evidence against it for QIDS SR-16, indeterminate evidence for BDI-1A and MADRS, and moderate evidence supporting it for HAMD-17. Furthermore, across the board, we found extremely strong evidence for psilocybin’s non-inferiority versus escitalopram. These findings were robust to prior sensitivity analysis.Conclusions: This Bayesian reanalysis supports the following inferences: 1) that psilocybin did indeed outperform escitalopram in this trial, but not to an extent that was clinically meaningful--and 2) that psilocybin is almost certainly non-inferior to escitalopram. The present results provide a more precise and nuanced interpretation to previously reported results from this trial, and support the need for further research into the relative efficacy of psilocybin therapy for depression with respect to current leading treatments.