Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and lifetime use of psychoactive substances among French university students: A cross-sectional study
Azouz, Z., Côté, S. M., Galéra, C., Galesne, C., Jean, F. A. M., Macalli, M., Montagni, I., Navarro, M. C., Schwartz, A. N., Tzourio, C.
This observational survey study of university students (n=13,837) explored the association between ADHD symptoms and lifetime psychoactive substance use. It finds a significant correlation between high levels of ADHD symptoms and the use of various substances, including ketamine and psilocybin mushrooms.
Abstract
In a cross sectional study of 13,837 university students, we aimed to explore the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and lifetime psychoactive substance use (LPSU) on a wide range of illicit substances. Logistic and Hurdel multivariable regressions were used. ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with the lifetime use of ketamine, magic mushrooms, poppers, and nine other psychoactive substances. There was an association between ADHD symptoms and both LPSU and truncated count of lifetime psychoactive substance use. High levels of ADHD symptoms are associated with the use of a large variety and multiple LPSU.