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Home/Research/LSD/Healthy Volunteers

LSD for Healthy Volunteers

133 papers and 29 clinical trials exploring lsd as a treatment for healthy volunteers.

Compoundclassic psychedelic

LSD

LSD is a classic psychedelic ergoline with high potency at microgram doses and an 8-12 hour duration of action, mediated primarily via 5-HT2A receptor agonism. Modern Phase IIb data in generalised anxiety disorder and FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for MM120 have reignited clinical development.

Full LSD profile
IndicationApproximately 300 million people affected by depression worldwide.

Healthy Volunteers

Research involving healthy volunteers has expanded to investigate the therapeutic potentials of various psychedelics for mental health conditions. Recent findings, emphasizing compounds like psilocybin and DMT, illustrate a promising future for psychedelic-assisted therapies.

Full Healthy Volunteers profile

Academic Research

133 papers
Open Accessmeta

A systematic review of the pharmacokinetics of classical serotonergic psychedelic compounds in healthy adult subjects

This systematic review (s=32) of healthy adult volunteers examined the pharmacokinetics of LSD, psilocybin, DMT, mescaline and 5-MeO-DMT. It found that LSD and psilocybin showed dose-related peak levels, while oral and intravenous DMT differed in ways that may matter clinically.

Published
May 29, 2026
Journal
Journal of Psychopharmacology
Authors
Hampsey, E., Martin, K., Kalfas, M., Benson, L., Wihlborg, S., Jelen, L., Young, A. H., Rucker, J.
Open Accessindividual

LSD Relaxes Structural Constraints on Brain Dynamics: A Connectome Harmonic MEG Study

This re-analysis of a brain imaging study (n=17) used magnetoencephalography (MEG) in people given LSD or placebo and found that LSD loosened the usual link between brain structure and low-frequency activity, while gamma activity changed in a more selective way. Changes in default-mode network regions were linked to stronger feelings of ego dissolution.

Published
May 29, 2026
Journal
Biorxiv
Authors
Subramani, V., Pascarella, A., Brunel, J., Harel, Y., Muthukumaraswamy, S., Carhart-Harris, R., Jerbi, K., Lioi, G., Farrugia, N.
Open Accessindividual

Mystical dynamics: renewal, luminous light, and ego disintegration as key features associated with mystical oneness—a psychometric analysis using the PES100 in controlled psychedelic studies

This psychometric analysis using the PES100 examined 816 measurements from healthy participants (n=386) across 15 controlled psychedelic studies of LSD, psilocybin, mescaline and DMT. It found that mystical oneness was strongly linked to feelings of luminous light and renewal, and moderately to strongly linked to ego disintegration, with these links increasing with dose.

Published
March 31, 2026
Journal
Religion, Brain & Behavior
Authors
Stocker, K., Hartmann, M., Barrett, F. S., Richards, W., Sepeda, N. D., Straumann, I., Klaiber, A., Vogt, S. B., Erne, L., Ley, L., Becker, A. M., Vizeli, P., Holze, F., Liechti, M. E.
Paywallmeta

m-DASC: Measuring Subjective Effects of Very Low Doses of Psychedelic Drugs.

This methodological study (n=199) developed a new questionnaire, the micro-dimensional Altered States of Consciousness scale, to measure the subtle subjective effects of very low doses of LSD. The 31-item tool captured four main experience areas and detected effects at 13 and 26 µg, while matching the longer questionnaires closely.

Published
March 1, 2026
Journal
Psychedelic Medicine
Authors
Griffin-Stolbach, J., Molla, H., Hedeker, D., de Wit, H.
Open Accessindividual

Efficacy and Safety of the Neuroplastogen TSND-201 for the Treatment of PTSD A Randomized Clinical Trial

In a multicentre, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled phase 2 trial of 65 adults with chronic PTSD, once‑weekly oral TSND‑201 produced significantly greater reductions in clinician‑rated PTSD severity (CAPS‑5; LS mean difference 9.64, P = .01) and improvements in self‑reported symptoms, functioning and depression versus placebo. TSND‑201 was generally well tolerated — common adverse events included headache, decreased appetite, nausea, dizziness and transient blood‑pressure increases — supporting its potential as a rapid‑acting, durable treatment for PTSD.

Published
February 18, 2026
Journal
JAMA Psychiatry
Authors
Jones, A., Warner-Schmidt, J., Kwak, H., Stogniew, M., Mandell, B., Ching, T. H., Stein, M. B., Kelmendi, B.
Open Accessindividual

LSD microdosing in major depressive disorder: results from an open-label trial

This open-label Phase IIa trial (n=19, 15 male) found that an 8-week regimen of microdosed LSD (8μg initially, then 6-20μg twice weekly) for major depressive disorder was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events or cardiac valvulopathy, achieved 59.5% reduction in MADRS scores sustained for six months, and had only one withdrawal due to anxiety.

Published
February 1, 2026
Journal
Neuropharmacology
Authors
Daldegan-Bueno, D., Donegan, C. J., Sumner, R. L., Forsyth, A., Evans, W. J., Alshakhouri, M., Reynolds, L. M, Roop, P., Ponton, R., Smith, T., Hoeh, N. R., Allen, N., Sundram, F., Menkes, D. B., Muthukumaraswamy, S.

Clinical Trials

29 trials
RecruitingPhase NA

Pharmacokinetics of Didehydro-LSD (DDH-LSD) Compared With LSD

This randomised, quadruple-masked, crossover trial (n=24) will assess the pharmacokinetics, safety and subjective effects of DDH-LSD, a novel LSD-like lysergamide, compared with oral LSD and placebo in healthy adult volunteers aged 18–65, with primary aims to determine an effective DDH-LSD dose and to compare duration of action and elimination half-life. The study has two parts: Substudy 1 is an open-label dose‑escalation in healthy participants to identify a DDH-LSD dose that produces clear but tolerable psychoactive effects. Substudy 2 is a randomised, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled crossover in which each participant receives single oral administrations of the selected DDH-LSD dose, 0.1 mg LSD, and placebo on separate supervised study days; each session lasts approximately 13 hours with monitoring of pharmacokinetics, subjective effects, autonomic/physiological responses and safety parameters to provide first‑in‑human characterisation of DDH-LSD.

Started
January 1, 2026
Type
interventional
Blinding
quadruple
Randomized
Yes
Registry ID
NCT07309471
RecruitingPhase I

Drug Effects on Mood and Behavior – Expectancy (MESA-X)

Early Phase I, randomised, placebo-controlled single-session study (n=48) testing a low (13 µg) dose of LSD versus placebo under known versus uncertain drug-identity instructions (balanced placebo design).

Started
June 26, 2025
Type
interventional
Blinding
triple
Randomized
Yes
Registry ID
NCT07061886
RecruitingPhase I

Direct Comparison of Altered States of Consciousness Induced by LSD, Psilocybin, and DMT in Healthy Participants (LPD)

This randomised, placebo-controlled, triple-blind Phase I crossover trial (n=24) will compare the acute and subacute effects of LSD (150µg), psilocybin (30mg), and DMT (up to 2 mg/min intravenous infusion) in healthy adults, with all sessions standardised using ketanserin (20 mg IV) to end the psychedelic experience after three hours.

Started
April 1, 2025
Type
interventional
Blinding
triple
Randomized
Yes
Registry ID
NCT06899334
CompletedPhase NA

LSD-Perceptual-Choice-Study (LUCY)

This randomized, double-blinded, crossover trial (n=30) aims to characterise the effects of low doses of LSD on behavioural and neural indicators of feedback and feedforward signalling in perceptual decision-making.

Started
February 20, 2024
Type
interventional
Blinding
double
Randomized
Yes
Registry ID
NCT05976698
CompletedPhase I

Effect of Ketanserin, Olanzapine, and Lorazepam After LSD Administration on the Acute Response to LSD in Healthy Subjects (LBL)

This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial (n=20) conducted by the University Hospital in Basel, Switzerland, aims to investigate the effects of ketanserin, olanzapine, and lorazepam administered after LSD (150µg) on the acute response to LSD in healthy subjects.

Started
February 1, 2024
Type
interventional
Blinding
quadruple
Randomized
Yes
Registry ID
NCT05964647
Active not recruitingPhase I

LSD Occupancy of the Serotonin 2A Receptor in the Human Brain (dOccLS)

Early‑Phase interventional dose-ranging study (n=40) assessing LSD single doses (25–200 µg) to quantify 5‑HT2A receptor occupancy in healthy participants using [11C]CIMBI‑36 PET/MR.

Started
November 8, 2023
Type
interventional
Blinding
none
Randomized
No
Registry ID
NCT05953038

Explore further

Search all LSD papers Search all Healthy Volunteers trials Full LSD profile Full Healthy Volunteers profile