This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group trial (n≈72) compares intraoperative esketamine 0.2 mg/kg versus saline adjunct to general anaesthesia to assess postoperative depression, gut microbiota, and bispectral index in female breast cancer patients.
Prospective, randomized (1:1), parallel-group, quadruple‑masked clinical trial evaluating esketamine 0.2 mg/kg versus saline as an adjunct to general anaesthesia in female patients undergoing elective breast cancer surgery to assess postoperative depressive symptoms, gut microbiota changes, and bispectral index measures.
Primary outcomes include postoperative depression scores; secondary assessments include gut microbiota composition and intraoperative bispectral index data. Participants must be pre‑menopausal adults with MADRS ≥22 and ASA I–II.
Esketamine 0.2 mg/kg as adjunct to general anaesthesia during breast cancer operation.
Adjunct to general anaesthesia during operation.
Normal saline adjunct to general anaesthesia (placebo comparator).
Normal saline placebo.