Effects of MDMA-like Substances in Healthy Subjects

This randomized, triple‑blind, placebo‑controlled five‑period crossover in healthy volunteers directly compares the acute effects of MDMA and its metabolite MDA, and their lysine‑linked prodrugs, using single oral doses and modern psychometric and physiological measures.

Aims are to (1) characterise and directly compare subjective, cognitive and physiological effects of MDMA versus MDA and (2) test whether lysine‑conjugation (slow‑release prodrug) attenuates onset and peak effects; outcomes include psychometrics, vitals and safety/tolerability.