This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial (n=16) investigated the pharmacological interaction between pindolol (20 mg) and MDMA (1.6 mg/kg) in healthy male volunteers, specifically examining effects on cardiovascular function and adverse reactions.
Double-blind, randomised, crossover study in 16 healthy male volunteers testing interactive effects of pindolol (20 mg) given 1 h before a single oral dose of MDMA (1.6 mg/kg).
Outcomes included heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and adverse-effect profile; procedures included clinical monitoring, ECG and laboratory safety assessments.
Within-subject crossover comparing MDMA with and without pindolol.
Single dose MDMA 1.6 mg/kg.
Pindolol 20 mg given 1 h before MDMA.