Outcome MeasurePersonality / Psychological

CADSS

Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale

20 Papers in Blossom

Outcome Data Across Studies

Reported results for CADSS across 16 studies with quantitative data.

Outcome data across 50 study arm–timepoint observations
SD
Rapid and Longer-Term Antidepressant Effects of Repeated Ketamine Infusions in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression
2012Safety
Open-label ketamine phase(experimental)0240.30.5—
Rapid and Longer-Term Antidepressant Effects of Repeated Ketamine Infusions in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression
2012Safety
Open-label ketamine phase(experimental)0.027778247.812.0—
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Frequency Study of Intravenous Ketamine in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression
2016Safety
Ketamine 2x/week(experimental)1189.69.3—
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Frequency Study of Intravenous Ketamine in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression
2016Safety
Ketamine 2x/week(experimental)15154.36.4—
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Frequency Study of Intravenous Ketamine in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression
2016Safety
Ketamine 3x/week(experimental)1175.36.8—
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Frequency Study of Intravenous Ketamine in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression
2016Safety
Ketamine 3x/week(experimental)15133.45.3—
Ketamine for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
2017Safety
Ketamine(experimental)0.042187.30.7—
A sub-set of psychoactive effects may be critical to the behavioral impact of ketamine on cocaine use disorder: results from a randomized, controlled laboratory study
2018Secondary
Ketamine(experimental)0.0141824.514.40.001
A sub-set of psychoactive effects may be critical to the behavioral impact of ketamine on cocaine use disorder: results from a randomized, controlled laboratory study
2018Secondary
Midazolam(active_comparator)0.014184.95.10.001
Ketamine for Rapid Reduction of Suicidal Thoughts in Major Depression: A Midazolam-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
2018Safety
Ketamine(experimental)0.0284017.613.6—

Papers Using CADSS

Open Accessindividual

Ketamine for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: Double-blind active-controlled crossover study

In a randomised double‑blind active‑controlled crossover study of 12 patients with severe treatment‑resistant OCD, intramuscular racemic ketamine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) produced greater, dose‑related reductions in Y‑BOCS scores than IM fentanyl that were maximal at 1–2 hours and showed separation out to 168 hours. Ketamine was associated with short‑term dissociative and cardiovascular effects and two dropouts for poor tolerability, and the authors conclude IM ketamine shows preliminary efficacy but requires further work to define optimal dosing and longer‑term use.

Published
Journal
Journal of Psychopharmacology
Authors
Beaglehole, B., Glue, P., Neehoff, S., Shadli, S., Mcnaughton, N., Kimber, B., Muirhead, C., De Bie, A., Day-Brown, R., Hughes-Medlicott, N. J.
Open Accessindividual

Experiences of Awe Mediate Ketamine's Antidepressant Effects: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial in Treatment-Resistant Depression

This randomised controlled trial (n=116) investigated the psychological mechanisms of ketamine's antidepressant effects. Participants receiving ketamine reported significantly heightened feelings of awe compared to those receiving a placebo. Awe experiences, as measured by the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-S), mediated depression outcomes (% improvement in MADRS scores) at multiple time points (24 hours and 5, 12, 21, and 30 days) post-infusion, indicating a potential role of awe in ketamine's therapeutic efficacy for depression.

Published
Journal
Biological Psychiatry
Authors
Aepfelbacher, J., Panny, B., Price, R.
Open Accessindividual

Esketamine combined with a mindfulness-based intervention for individuals with alcohol problems

In a double-blind, randomised pilot study of 28 people with alcohol problems, sublingual esketamine (115.1 mg) combined with two weeks of daily mindfulness-based intervention increased psychological engagement with the practice and produced transient reductions in alcohol craving versus placebo. Esketamine also elicited greater mystical and dissociative experiences, suggesting these altered states may underlie enhanced engagement and potential therapeutic benefit.

Published
Journal
Journal of Psychopharmacology
Authors
Gent, E. M., Bryan, J. W., Cleary, M. A., Clarke, T. I., Holmwood, H. D., Nassereddine, R. O., Salway, C., Depla, S., Statton, S., Krecké, J., Morgan, C. J.
Paywallindividual

Effect of Repeated Intravenous Esketamine on Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder and Suicidal Ideation: A Randomized Active-Placebo-Controlled Trial

This placebo-controlled trial (n=54) investigates the efficacy and safety of esketamine (iv, 17.5mg, 3x) in adolescents suffering from depression (MDD) and suicidal ideation (SI). It shows significant reductions in Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Ideation and Intensity scores and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores in the esketamine group compared to the midazolam (placebo) group at day six, with maintained antisuicidal and antidepressant responses at four weeks post-treatment.

Published
Journal
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Authors
Zhou, Y., Lan, X-F., Wang, C., Zhang, F., Liu, H., Chao, Z., Ning, Y-P., Fu, L., Hu, Z., Li, W., Ye, Y.
Open Accessindividual

Factors Associated with Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine: A Reanalysis of Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Intravenous Ketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Reanalysis of a placebo‑controlled double‑blind RCT of intravenous ketamine in 31 adults with treatment‑resistant depression found that later age of depression onset predicted a greater antidepressant response three days after infusion, whereas age, sex, baseline severity and dissociative scores showed no association. The authors propose that impaired glutamatergic signalling and reduced neuroplasticity in earlier‑onset cases may explain the diminished ketamine response.

Published
Journal
Pharmacopsychiatry
Authors
Yonezawa, K., Uchida, H., Yatomi, T., Ohtani, Y., Nomoto-Takahashi, K., Nakajima, S., Mimura, M., Tani, H., Ac, A.
Open Accessindividual

Esketamine vs Midazolam in Boosting the Efficacy of Oral Antidepressants for Major Depressive Disorder

In this single-centre pilot randomised, double-blind trial of 30 adults with major depressive disorder and fluctuating antidepressant response, a single subanaesthetic intravenous dose of esketamine (0.2 mg/kg) added to ongoing oral antidepressants produced markedly higher 2-week response rates (66.7% vs 6.7%) and greater reductions in MADRS scores than midazolam. No serious adverse events, psychotomimetic effects, or clinically significant manic symptoms were observed.

Published
Journal
JAMA Network Open
Authors
Xiao, C., Zhou, J., Zhu, X., Liu, J., Deng, Q., Wang, G., Wang, H., Hu, Y., Li, A.

Quick Facts

Full Name
Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale
Domain
Personality / Psychological
Papers Indexed
20
Score Range
0–92
Interpretation
Lower = better
All Measures