β
Outcome MeasureMystical Experience

HRS

Hallucinogen Rating Scale

7 Papers in Blossom

Outcome Data Across Studies

Reported results for HRS across 6 studies with quantitative data.

Outcome data across 14 study arm–timepoint observations
SD
Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction
2014Safety
Psilocybin-assisted(experimental)015———
Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
2018Exploratory
Ayahuasca(experimental)013———
Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
2018Exploratory
Placebo(inactive)014———
The psychedelic debriefing in alcohol dependence treatment: illustrating key change phenomena through qualitative content analysis of clinical sessions
2018Secondary
Psilocybin(experimental)0102.41.0—
The psychedelic debriefing in alcohol dependence treatment: illustrating key change phenomena through qualitative content analysis of clinical sessions
2018Secondary
Psilocybin(experimental)062.01.1—
Unique Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Psilocybin Therapy Versus Escitalopram Treatment in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
2024Secondary
Psilocybin + placebo(experimental)128———
Unique Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Psilocybin Therapy Versus Escitalopram Treatment in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
2024Secondary
Psilocybin + escitalopram(active_comparator)129———
Unique Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Psilocybin Therapy Versus Escitalopram Treatment in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
2024Secondary
Psilocybin + placebo(experimental)2228———
Unique Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Psilocybin Therapy Versus Escitalopram Treatment in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
2024Secondary
Psilocybin + escitalopram(active_comparator)2228———
Comparing single- and repeat-dose psilocybin with active placebo for migraine prevention in an exploratory randomized controlled clinical trial
2025Secondary
Placebo/Placebo(inactive)06———

Papers Using HRS

Open Accessindividual

Comparing single- and repeat-dose psilocybin with active placebo for migraine prevention in an exploratory randomized controlled clinical trial

In an exploratory randomised, double‑blind trial in adults with frequent migraine, single or two‑dose psilocybin produced reductions in migraine frequency similar to an active diphenhydramine placebo and no serious adverse events were observed. Incomplete blinding and nonsignificant between‑group differences despite large effect sizes in psilocybin arms indicate the need for larger, better‑controlled trials with headache‑specialist input to separate drug and non‑drug effects.

Published
Journal
Headache
Authors
Schindler, E. A. D., Gottschalk, C. H., Pittman, B. P., D'Souza, D. C.
Paywallindividual

Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of vaporized N,N-dimethyltryptamine: a phase 2a clinical trial in treatment-resistant depression

This open-label fixed-order dose-escalation trial (n=14) evaluated inhaled DMT (15mg & 60mg) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) for the first time. Results showed rapid and sustained antidepressant effects with a 21-point reduction on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale by day 7 (p<0.001), an 86% response rate, and a 57% remission rate lasting up to 3 months, with significant decreases in suicidal ideation (SI).

Published
Journal
Neuropsychopharmacology
Authors
Falchi-Carvalho, M., Palhano-Fontes, F., Wießner, I., Barros, H., Bolcont, R., Laborde, S., Silva, S. R. B., Montanini, D., Barbosa, D. C., Teixeira, E., Florence-Vilela, R., Almeida, R., Macedo, R. K. A., Arichelle, F., Pantrigo, E. J., Costa-Macedo, J. V., da Cruz Nunes, J. A., Araújo, D. B., de Araujo Costa Neto, L. A., Nunes Ferreira, L. F., Dantas Correa, L., da Costa Bezerra, R. B., Arcoverde, E., Galvão-Coelho, N. L.
Open Accessindividual

Unique Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Psilocybin Therapy Versus Escitalopram Treatment in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

In a phase 2 double‑blind randomized trial comparing psilocybin therapy with escitalopram for moderate‑to‑severe major depressive disorder, acute subjective experiences—particularly mystical experiences and ego dissolution—uniquely mediated the superior antidepressant response to psilocybin over a six‑week period. Emotional breakthrough and intense music‑evoked responses were also associated with greater symptom improvement, providing qualified support that acute psychological experiences may be causal mechanisms in psilocybin’s antidepressant effects.

Published
Journal
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
Authors
Weiss, B., Leor Roseman, •., Giribaldi, B., Nutt, D. J., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Erritzoe, D., Roseman, L.
Open Accessindividual

Exploratory Controlled Study of the Migraine-Suppressing Effects of Psilocybin

This double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study (n=10) finds that a medium dose of psilocybin (10mg/70kg) significantly reduced migraines (headaches) in the two weeks after dosing.

Published
Journal
Neurotherapeutics
Authors
Schindler, E. A. D., Sewell, R. A., Gottschalk, C. H., Luddy, C., Flynn, L. T., Lindsey, H., Pittman, B. P., Cozzi, N. V., D’Souza, D. C.
Open Accessindividual

Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

In a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of 29 patients with treatment-resistant depression, a single dose of ayahuasca produced rapid antidepressant effects versus placebo at days 1, 2 and 7, with effect sizes increasing from Cohen’s d = 0.84 to 1.49 and higher response rates at day 7 (64% v. 27%). This first controlled trial of a psychedelic in this population supports the safety and therapeutic potential of ayahuasca when dosed in an appropriate setting.

Published
Journal
Psychological Medicine
Authors
Palhano-Fontes, F., Barreto, D., Onias, H., Andrade, K. C., Novaes, M. M., Pessoa, J. A., Mota-Rolim, S. A., Osório, F. L., Sanches, R., Dos Santos, R. G., Tófoli, L. F., De Oliveira Silveira, G., Yonamine, M., Riba, J., Santos, F. R., Silva-Junior, A. A., Alchieri, J. C., Galvão-Coelho, N. L., Lobão-Soares, B., Hallak, J. E. C., Arcoverde, E., Maia-De-Oliveira, J. P., Araújo, D. B.
Open Accessindividual

The psychedelic debriefing in alcohol dependence treatment: illustrating key change phenomena through qualitative content analysis of clinical sessions

This open-label pilot study (n=10) of psilocybin-assisted treatment of alcohol dependence (21mg/70kg) presents a qualitative content analysis of the 17 debriefing sessions conducted in the pilot study, which occurred the day after corresponding psilocybin medication sessions. Participants articulated a series of key phenomena related to change in drinking outcomes and acute subjective effects of psilocybin.

Published
Journal
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Authors
Kraehenmann, R., Nielson, E. M., May, D. G., Forcehimes, A. A., Bogenschutz, M. P.

Quick Facts

Full Name
Hallucinogen Rating Scale
Domain
Mystical Experience
Papers Indexed
7
Interpretation
Higher = better
All Measures