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Home/Research/Placebo/Personality & Trait Factors

Placebo for Personality & Trait Factors

5 papers and 2 clinical trials exploring placebo as a treatment for personality & trait factors.

CompoundComparator / Control

Placebo

Placebo is the most widely referenced comparator in psychedelic clinical research, appearing in over 500 trials. Understanding how placebos are designed, administered, and interpreted is essential to evaluating the evidence base for psychedelic-assisted therapies — and one of the field’s most contested methodological challenges.

Full Placebo profile
IndicationApproximately 10 million adults in the UK suffer from a personality disorder.

Personality & Trait Factors

Psychedelic research is increasingly examining the interplay between personality traits and therapeutic outcomes in various mental health conditions. Recent studies highlight how certain personality traits may influence the efficacy of psychedelic treatments, particularly in managing disorders like depression and anxiety.

Full Personality & Trait Factors profile

Academic Research

5 papers
Open Accessindividual

Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous RE104: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Single Ascending Dose Placebo-Controlled Study

This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled Phase I study (n=48) evaluates the safety, pharmacokinetics, and psychoactive effects of RE104 (psilocybin analog; Luvesilocin; a prodrug of 4-OH-DiPT) in healthy adults with prior psychedelic experience. RE104 was well tolerated up to 40 mg with no serious adverse events, and plasma levels of its active form correlated with subjective drug effect and mystical experience scores. The compound produced psilocybin-like effects with a shorter duration (3-4 hours), supporting further therapeutic investigation.

Published
July 21, 2025
Journal
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
Authors
Ludbrook, G., Bryson, N., Taylor, B., Hocevar-Trnka, J., Johnson, M. W., Hirman, J., Morrish, G., Alexander, R., Pollack, M.
Open Accessindividual

An investigation of acute Physiological and Psychological Moderators of Psychedelic-induced Personality Change among Healthy Volunteers

This re-analysis of a single-blind, fixed-order trial (n=28) investigates the effects of a single high-dose psilocybin (25 mg) on personality traits in psychedelic-naïve healthy volunteers. It finds significant reductions in neuroticism one month post-administration, moderated by subjective experience meaningfulness and ego dissolution, suggesting psilocybin catalyses lasting personality changes with therapeutic potential.

Published
January 1, 2025
Journal
Neuroscience Applied
Authors
Godfrey, K., Weiss, B., Zhang, X., Spriggs, M. J., Peill, J. M., Lyons, T., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Erritzoe, D.
Open Accessmeta

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological predictors of the LSD experience in healthy participants

This pooled analysis of nine double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over studies (n=213) investigates predictors of LSD effects in healthy subjects. It finds that LSD dose is the most influential predictor, with pre-drug mental states, personality traits, and previous hallucinogen experiences also significantly affecting the subjective experience.

Published
September 4, 2024
Journal
Translational Psychiatry
Authors
Vizeli, P., Studerus, E., Holze, F., Schmid, Y., Dolder, P. C., Ley, L., Straumann, I., Becker, A. M., Müller, F., Arikci, D., Liechti, M. E.
Open Accessindividual

DMT models the near-death experience

This within-subjects, placebo-controlled study (n=13) found that the DMT experience had many overlaps with the near-death experience (NDE).

Published
August 15, 2018
Journal
Frontiers in Psychology
Authors
Timmermann, C., Roseman, L., Williams, L., Erritzoe, D., Martial, C., Cassol, H., Laureys, S., Nutt, D. J., Carhart-Harris, R. L.
Open Accessindividual

Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness

This re-analysis from two psilocybin trials with hallucinogen-naïve subjects (n=52) looked at personality changes in participants. It found significant increases in openness (but not neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), which remained higher than baseline for those who had a mystical experience up to a year.

Published
September 28, 2011
Journal
Journal of Psychopharmacology
Authors
Maclean, K. A., Johnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R.

Clinical Trials

2 trials
CompletedPhase I

Role of the Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor in Mescaline-induced Altered States of Consciousness

This double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-period crossover study (n=16) evaluated escalating oral mescaline doses (100–800 mg) and ketanserin pre-treatment in healthy volunteers aged 25–65.

Started
January 5, 2021
Type
interventional
Blinding
quadruple
Randomized
Yes
Registry ID
NCT04849013
Completed

Ketamine Psychoactive Effects in Cocaine Dependence: Double-Blind 3-Way Crossover Pilot (Dakwar / Nunes, NYSPI Columbia 2014)

This unregistered trial (n=8) was a double-blind, 3-way crossover pilot of ketamine infusions for cocaine dependence in cocaine-dependent adults, finding that acute mystical-type effects mediated improvements in the motivation to quit cocaine.

Started
January 1, 2012
Type
interventional
Blinding
double
Randomized
Yes
Registry ID
DAKWAR-2014-DRUGALCDEP-KETAMINE-COCAINE-CROSSOVER-NYSPI

Explore further

Search all Placebo papers Search all Personality & Trait Factors trials Full Placebo profile Full Personality & Trait Factors profile