Randomised Phase II crossover study (actual n=0) comparing ketamine plus lithium, ketamine alone, and placebo in adults (18–65) with bipolar depression.
Randomised, quadruple-blind, Phase II crossover study evaluating the safety and efficacy of combined ketamine and lithium versus ketamine alone and placebo for treatment of bipolar depression.
Adults meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder in a major depressive episode with MADRS ≥18 and QIDS-SR16 ≥19 were eligible; key exclusions included psychotic disorders, recent substance dependence, significant medical/neurological illness, positive urine drug screen, and high suicide risk.
Participants receive combined ketamine and lithium (crossover).
Ketamine co-administered with lithium (combination arm). Dose per protocol.
Participants receive ketamine alone.
Ketamine alone; dose per protocol.
Participants receive placebo.
Placebo infusion.