Medical Access and Reimbursement in China

No authorised mainland medical pathway or reimbursed treatment route for psilocybin was verified. Chinese control materials treat classical psychedelic and non-medical psychotropic substances restrictively, while the visible clinical pathway in this field is centred on ketamine and esketamine. # # #

No authorised mainland medical pathway or reimbursed treatment route for MDMA was verified. It should not be described as a therapeutic access substance in China unless a specific approved study or regulator-authorised route is identified. # #

Esketamine nasal spray is the only clearly verified nationally authorised psychiatric product in this field. Janssen announced NMPA approval in April 2023 for use with an oral antidepressant in adults with depression and acute suicidal ideation or behaviour. NHSA filing material describes strict clinical management and medical-institution use. Public reimbursement for the psychiatric nasal spray was not securely verified in the live materials reviewed; esketamine injection reimbursement evidence is for a restricted anaesthesia indication. # # # # #

Ketamine remains a controlled psychotropic medicine and lawful anaesthetic in authorised settings. Psychiatric ketamine or esketamine use is visible in research and selected hospital rapid-treatment practice, but off-label antidepressant use should not be confused with a broad approved or reimbursed psychiatric pathway. # # # #

No authorised mainland medical pathway or reimbursed treatment route for DMT was verified. Because Chinese control materials cover several tryptamines and non-medical psychotropic substances, any access claim should be checked against the current catalogue and a specific regulator-authorised basis. # #

No authorised mainland medical pathway or reimbursed treatment route for 5-MeO-DMT was verified. Public Chinese control summaries cover newer tryptamine controls, and the reviewed clinical sources did not show a patient-access route. # #

No authorised mainland medical pathway or reimbursed treatment route for ibogaine was verified. It should be treated as outside routine access unless a specific clinical-trial or regulator-authorised basis is identified. # #

No authorised mainland medical pathway or reimbursed treatment route for ayahuasca was verified. DMT-containing preparations should not be described as available without checking current controlled-substance catalogues and product-specific approvals. # #

No authorised mainland medical pathway or reimbursed treatment route for mescaline was verified. The reviewed Chinese control sources place classical hallucinogens within a strict-control framework rather than routine medicine. # #

No authorised mainland medical pathway or reimbursed treatment route for 2C compounds was verified. Any future claim should be checked compound by compound against current Chinese control catalogues and regulator authorisations. # #