LSD

LSD and ketanserin and their impact on the human autonomic nervous system

In a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study using R‑peak-derived HRV, LSD predominantly increased sympathetic activity while pre-treatment with the 5‑HT2A antagonist ketanserin shifted autonomic balance towards increased parasympathetic tone. Sympathetic activation correlated positively (and parasympathetic negatively) with psychedelic intensity, and baseline HRV predicted subjective responses, suggesting trait ANS measures could serve as candidate biomarkers for LSD’s therapeutic effectiveness.

Authors

  • Franz Vollenweider
  • Katrin Preller

Published

Psychophysiology
individual Study

Abstract

The interest in lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has sparked again due to its supposed positive effects on psychopathological conditions. Yet, most research focuses on the actions of LSD on the central nervous system. The interaction with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been neglected so far. Therefore, the aim was to assess the effects of LSD and the serotonin 2A receptor antagonist ketanserin on the ANS as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) measures and their correlation with subjective drug‐induced effects in a randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover trial. Thus, ANS activity was derived from electrocardiogram recordings after intake of placebo, LSD or ketanserin, and LSD by calculating R‐peak‐based measures of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Repeated measure ANOVA and partial correlation for HRV measures and subjective experience questionnaires were performed. LSD predominantly increased sympathetic activity, while ketanserin counteracted this effect on the ANS via an increase of parasympathetic tone. Sympathetic activity was positively and parasympathetic activity negatively associated with psychedelic effects of LSD. Furthermore, Placebo HRV measures predicted subjective experiences after LSD intake. The association between trait ANS activity and LSD‐induced subjective experiences may serve as a candidate biomarker set for the effectiveness of LSD in the treatment of psychopathological conditions.

Available with Blossom Pro

Research Summary of 'LSD and ketanserin and their impact on the human autonomic nervous system'

Introduction

Interest in lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has renewed because of potential therapeutic effects in psychiatric conditions, but most research has concentrated on central nervous system actions. Olbrich and colleagues note that the drug's interaction with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been sparsely examined in humans, and no prior study has applied heart rate variability (HRV)–based measures to quantify LSD's effects on sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Earlier clinical observations and a few recent reports suggest LSD raises heart rate, blood pressure and pupil size—indicators of sympathetic activation—but the impact on parasympathetic function and the relationship between autonomic changes and subjective psychedelic experiences remain unclear. This study set out to characterise LSD's effects on ANS function, to test whether blocking the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor with ketanserin alters those effects, and to examine correlations between autonomic measures and subjective experiences. Using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, the investigators hypothesised that LSD would increase sympathetic activity, that ketanserin pretreatment would attenuate this effect, and that ANS measures would correlate with the magnitude of subjective psychedelic effects. They also explored whether baseline (placebo) ANS markers might predict subsequent subjective responses to LSD.

Expert Research Summaries

Go Pro to access AI-powered section-by-section summaries, editorial takes, and the full research toolkit.

Study Details

  • Study Type
    individual
  • Journal
  • Compound
  • Authors
  • APA Citation

    Olbrich, S., Preller, K. H., & Vollenweider, F. X. (2021). LSD and ketanserin and their impact on the human autonomic nervous system. Psychophysiology, 58(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13822

References (19)

Papers cited by this study that are also in Blossom

Serotonin 2A receptor signaling underlies LSD-induced alteration of the neural response to dynamic changes in music

Barrett, F. S., Preller, K. H., Herdener, M. et al. · Cerebral Cortex (2017)

The therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs: past, present, and future

Carhart-Harris, R. L., Goodwin, G. M. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2017)

Mental changes experimentally produced by d-lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate

Deshon, H. J., Rinkel. M., Solomon, H. C. · Psychiatric Quarterly (1988)

Pharmacokinetics and concentration-effect relationship of oral LSD in humans

Dolder, P. C., Schmid, Y., Haschke, M. et al. · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2015)

97 cited
LSD acutely impairs fear recognition and enhances emotional empathy and sociality

Dolder, P. C., Schmid, Y., Müller, F. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2016)

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lysergic acid diethylamide in healthy subjects

Dolder, P. C., Schmid, Y., Steuer, A. E. et al. · Clinical Pharmacokinetics (2017)

Safety and efficacy of lysergic acid diethylamide-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases

Gasser, P., Holstein, D., Michel, Y. et al. · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (2014)

594 cited
Predicting responses to psychedelics: a prospective study

Haijen, E. C. H. M., Kaelen, M., Roseman, L. et al. · Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)

339 cited
Pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of a novel oral LSD formulation in healthy subjects

Holze, F., Duthaler, U., Vizeli, P. et al. · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2019)

Distinct acute effects of LSD, MDMA, and D-amphetamine in healthy subjects.

Holze, F., Vizeli, P., Müller, F. et al. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2019)

214 cited
Show all 19 references
LSD enhances the emotional response to music

Kaelen, M., Barrett, F. S., Roseman, L. et al. · Psychopharmacology (2015)

Modern clinical research on LSD

Liechti, M. E. · Neuropsychopharmacology (2017)

Do the dissociative side effects of ketamine mediate its antidepressant effects?

Luckenbaugh, D. A., Niciu, M. J., Ionescu, D. F. et al. · Journal of Affective Disorders (2014)

The pharmacology of lysergic acid diethylamide: a review

Passie, T., Halpern, J. H., Stichtenoth, D. O. et al. · CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics (2008)

The fabric of meaning and subjective effects in LSD-induced states depend on serotonin 2A receptor activation

Preller, K. H., Herdener, M., Pokorny, T. et al. · Current Biology (2017)

Psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar mood disorders: a systematic review

Rucker, J., Young, A. H., Jelen, L. A. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2016)

Acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide in healthy subjects

Schmid, Y., Enzler, F., Gasser, P. et al. · Biological Psychiatry (2015)

Psychometric evaluation of the altered states of consciousness rating scale (OAV)

Studerus, E., Gamma, A., Vollenweider, F. X. · PLOS ONE (2010)

Cited By (4)

Papers in Blossom that reference this study

Autonomic nervous system activity correlates with peak experiences induced by DMT and predicts increases in well-being

Bonnelle, V., Feilding, A., Rosas, F. E. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2024)

Drug-drug interactions involving classic psychedelics: A systematic review

Halman, A., Kong, G., Sarris, J. et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology (2023)

40 cited
The entropic heart: Tracking the psychedelic state via heart rate dynamics

Rosas, F. E., Mediano, P. A. M., Timmermann, C. et al. · Biorxiv (2023)

Psychedelic Therapy's Transdiagnostic Effects: A Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Perspective

Dursun, S. M., Kelly, J. R., Gillan, C. M. et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry (2021)

Your Personal Research Library

Go Pro to save papers, add notes, rate studies, and organize your research into custom shelves.