Psilocybin

Validation of the revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire in experimental sessions with psilocybin

This meta-analysis (2015) validates the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30) using data from five experimental studies (n=184) with controlled doses of psilocybin (20mg/70kg).

Authors

  • Roland Griffiths
  • Matthew Johnson
  • Frederick Barrett

Published

Journal of Psychopharmacology
meta Study

Abstract

The 30-item revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30) was previously developed within an online survey of mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin-containing mushrooms. The rated experiences occurred on average eight years before completion of the questionnaire. The current paper validates the MEQ30 using data from experimental studies with controlled doses of psilocybin. Data were pooled and analyzed from five laboratory experiments in which participants (n=184) received a moderate to high oral dose of psilocybin (at least 20 mg/70 kg). Results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrate the reliability and internal validity of the MEQ30. Structural equation models demonstrate the external and convergent validity of the MEQ30 by showing that latent variable scores on the MEQ30 positively predict persisting change in attitudes, behavior, and well-being attributed to experiences with psilocybin while controlling for the contribution of the participant-rated intensity of drug effects. These findings support the use of the MEQ30 as an efficient measure of individual mystical experiences. A method to score a “complete mystical experience” that was used in previous versions of the mystical experience questionnaire is validated in the MEQ30, and a stand-alone version of the MEQ30 is provided for use in future research.

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Research Summary of 'Validation of the revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire in experimental sessions with psilocybin'

Introduction

Reports of mystical-type experiences describe common dimensions such as a felt unity with all that exists, sacredness, noetic quality (a sense of encountering fundamental truth), intense positive mood, transcendence of time and space, and ineffability. Earlier versions of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ), most notably the 43-item MEQ43, were developed to quantify these dimensions in single, discrete experiences occasioned by classic hallucinogens and have been used in prospective studies of psilocybin; however, psychometric investigation of the MEQ43 has been limited. A 30-item revised instrument (MEQ30) was previously derived from retrospective online reports of psilocybin-related experiences and modelled into four factors (mystical, positive mood, transcendence of time and space, and ineffability), but that work relied on uncontrolled, retrospective data collected on average eight years after the original experiences. This paper aims to validate the MEQ30 in prospectively collected experimental data. Barrett and colleagues pooled data from five laboratory studies in which participants (n=184) received a moderate to high oral dose of psilocybin (at least 20 mg/70 kg) and used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to test the MEQ30 factor structure, examine relationships between MEQ30 latent scores and persisting outcomes attributed to the session while controlling for overall drug intensity, and adapt a dichotomous "complete mystical experience" scoring method from the MEQ43 to the MEQ30. The study therefore evaluates internal, external and convergent validity of the MEQ30 in controlled-dose psilocybin sessions.

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Study Details

References (5)

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High dose psilocybin is associated with positive subjective effects in healthy volunteers

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Unifying theories of psychedelic drug effects

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Clinical interpretations of patient experience in a trial of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for alcohol use disorder

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